Answer:
Part a)

Part b)

Explanation:
Part a)
Electric flux entering into the base
so it is given as





Part b)
Now since we know that there is no enclosed charge in the hemisphere
so net flux must be zero



Nitric acid (NHO3) because plants need nitrogen to survive, hope this helped.
Answer:
The intensity of laser 2 is 4 times of the intensity of laser 1.
Explanation:
The intensity in terms of electric field is given by :

E is electric field
It means, 
In this problem, lasers 1 and 2 emit light of the same color, and the electric field in the beam of laser 1 is twice as strong as the e-field of laser 2.
Let E is electric field in the beam of laser 1 and E' is the electric field in the beam of laser 2. So,

We have,
E'=2E
So,

So, the intensity of laser 2 is 4 times of the intensity of laser 1.
Answer:
The magnitude of electric field is 22.58 N/C
Solution:
Given:
Force exerted in upward direction, 
Charge, Q = 
Now, we know by Coulomb's law,

Also,
Electric field, 
Thus from these two relations, we can deduce:
F = QE
Therefore, in the question:



Here, the negative side is indicative of the Electric field acting in the opposite direction, i.e., downward direction.
The magnitude of the electric field is:
