Radioactivity in our world <span>b. is as old as the universe.
</span><span>Radioactive atom spontaneously emits energetic particles or waves, while decays on lighter nuclei (atoms with smaller atomic mass). Radioactivity is used to calculate how old is Earth and living things, for that purpose isotope of carbon is used.</span>
If the question includes x only than it’s value would be 1
Answer: the speed at which products form
Explanation:
Rate of a reaction is defined as the speed at which a chemical reaction proceeds. It is often expressed in terms of the concentration of a reactant that is consumed in a unit time or the concentration of a product that is formed in a unit of time.
For a general reaction :
![Rate=-\frac{d[A]}{dt}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Rate%3D-%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BA%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D)
or ![Rate=+\frac{d[B]}{dt}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Rate%3D%2B%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BB%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D)
where d[A] = change in concentration of reactant A
d[B] = change in concentration of product B
dt = time interval
<span>Hydrogen fusion generates the energy for proton - proton chains and the carbon nitrogen oxygen cycle. It is the nuclear fusion of 4 protons to form a helium 4 nucleus.</span>