An algebraic equation is "a mathematical statement in which two expressions are set equal to each toher."
If that is too complicated to understand, look at it like this. An algebraic equation usually has two things: an equal sign, and letters. For example, this is an algebraic equation: x + 3 = 7.
An algebraic equation is an equation used in algebra which uses numbers and letters. The letters are representing unknown numbers and are called variables.