By looking at diagrams, My guess is c.
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Answer:

south
cross sectional area of the beam
Explanation:
v = Velocity of ions = 
Number of ions per
= 
Charge density would be the product of number of ions per
and the charge of electrons multiplied by 2 as they are doubly charged.

Current density is given by

The current density is 
The direction of the current density is opposite to the movement of the charged particle. The particles are moving north so the direction of current density will be to the south.
Current is given by

where A is the cross sectional area of the beam .
So the cross sectional area of the beam is required to determine the total current in this ion beam.
Answer:
Final speed of the ball, v = 20 m/s.
Explanation:
It is given that,
Initial speed of the ball, u = 40 m/s
Time. t = 2 s
We need to find the speed of the ball after 2 seconds. Let it is denoted by v. It can be calculated using first equation of motion as :

Here, a = -g, as the ball is ball is moving under the action of gravity.


v = 20 m/s
So, the speed of the ball after 2 seconds is 20 m/s. Hence, this is the required solution.
<h3><u>Given :- </u></h3>
- Length of the rectangular wire, L=0.3 m
- Width of the rectangular wire, b=0.2m
- Magnetic field strength, B=0.8 T
- Velocity of the loop, v =12 m/s
- Induced Current, I = 3 A

(I) Emf developed,E in the loop is given as:



I = E/R
R = E/I
where
- R = resistance
- E = Induced EMF
- I = Current


(ii) The direction of current induced is from P to Q which is given by B × V vector . It may also be explained by Lenz law. Since magnetic field is from S to N . The fingers of the right hand are placed around the wire so that the curling of fingers will show the direction of the magnetic field produced by the wire then the thumb points in the direction of current flow which is from P to Q.