Explanation:
1) from the periodic table for example if u looking for K it is from the group 1A so the valancey = +1 that is mean it loses one electron to reach a stable state. and this applied for the 1A , 2A, 3A groups.
if u looking for N it is from group 5A so its valency is -3
so it gain 3 electrons to reach a stable state to complete its orbital to 8 electrons. this applied to 5A, 6A,7A
for the transition metals and simimetals other rules.
2) neutral if the element does not hold any charge like
H2, O2, N2, Fe, Au, Cu ...
isotope : if the 2 elements have same symbol and atomic number but they differ in the mass number because the have different numbers of neutrons.
if the element is charged then it is considered as an ion ex: Fe2+ then it is iron cation ( +ion)
F- then it is fluoride anion (-ion)
if u have any doubt just writ a comment ( ;
Such an object makes a larger dent in the fabric of space-time than an object with little mass. (It has a greater gravitational attraction than less massive objects)
A greater force is required to accelerate such an object than a less massive object
Answer:
An alkali metal present in period 2 have larger first ionization energy.
Explanation:
Ionization energy:
The amount of energy required to remove the electron from the atom is called ionization energy.
Trend along period:
As we move from left to right across the periodic table the number of valance electrons in an atom increase. The atomic size tend to decrease in same period of periodic table because the electrons are added with in the same shell. When the electron are added, at the same time protons are also added in the nucleus. The positive charge is going to increase and this charge is greater in effect than the charge of electrons. This effect lead to the greater nuclear attraction. The electrons are pull towards the nucleus and valance shell get closer to the nucleus. As a result of this greater nuclear attraction atomic radius decreases and ionization energy increases because it is very difficult to remove the electron from atom and more energy is required.
Trend along group:
As we move down the group atomic radii increased with increase of atomic number. The addition of electron in next level cause the atomic radii to increased. The hold of nucleus on valance shell become weaker because of shielding of electrons thus size of atom increased.
As the size of atom increases the ionization energy from top to bottom also decreases because it becomes easier to remove the electron because of less nuclear attraction and as more electrons are added the outer electrons becomes more shielded and away from nucleus. Thus alkali metal present in period 2 have larger ionization energy because of more nuclear attraction as compared to the alkali metal present in period 4.
