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Tatiana [17]
3 years ago
13

You need to prepare 1 L of the citric acid/citrate buffer. You have chosen to use Method 1 (see lab presentation). Calculate the

pH of a solution prepared by mixing 300 mL of 0.45 M citric acid acid and 100 mL of 0.65 M NaOH plus water to a final volume of one liter. The Ka of citric acid is 7.24 x 10-4.
Chemistry
1 answer:
prisoha [69]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

3.11 is the pH of the buffer

Explanation:

The pH of a buffer is obtained using H-H equation:

pH = pKa + log [Conjugate base] / [Weak acid]

<em>Where pH is the pH of the buffer, pKa = -log Ka = 3.14 for the citric buffer and [] could be taken as the moles of each species.</em>

The citric acid,HX (Weak acid), reacts with NaOH to produce sodium citrate, NaX (weak base) and water:

HX + NaOH → H2O + NaX

That means the moles of NaOH added = Moles of sodium citrate produced

And the resulitng moles of HX = Initial moles - Moles NaOH added

<em>Moles HX and NaX:</em>

Moles NaOH = 0.100L * (0.65mol / L) = 0.065 moles NaOH = Moles NaX

Moles HX = 0.300L * (0.45mol / L) = 0.135 moles HX - 0.065 moles NaOH = 0.070 moles HX

Replacing in H-H equation:

pH = 3.14 + log [0.065mol] / [0.070mol]

pH = 3.11 is the pH of the buffer

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What salt is produced in each of the following neutralization reactions?
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1. Salt is KNO₃<span>

<span>This is a </span>strong acid - strong base<span> <span>reaction. </span></span>HNO</span>₃ is the strong acid<span> <span>and </span></span>KOH is the strong base<span>. </span><span>

H</span>⁺<span> in the HNO₃<span> and </span></span>OH⁻<span> <span>of the KOH pair up and make </span></span>H₂O(l)<span>. </span><span>

NO</span>₃⁻<span> <span>and </span></span>K⁺<span> <span>pair up to make </span></span>KNO₃ salt<span>. </span><span>

<span>When writing chemical formulas </span>positive ion comes first<span> <span>and second is negative ion. The charges should be switched. Since </span></span>positive ion has +1 and negative ion has -1<span> <span>after the switching off charges </span>the </span>product should be KNO</span>₃.<span>

Balance equation is </span><span>
HNO</span>₃<span>(aq) + KOH(aq) → H</span>₂O(l) + KNO<span>₃(aq)</span><span>
<span>
2. Salt is Ca(NO</span></span>₃)₂<span>

</span>This is a strong acid - strong base<span> reaction. </span>HNO₃ is the strong acid<span> and </span>Ca(OH)₂ is the strong base<span>. </span><span>
<span>
H</span></span>⁺<span> in the HNO₃ and </span>OH⁻<span> of the Ca(OH)₂ pair up and make </span>H₂O(l)<span>. </span><span>

Ca²⁺ and </span>NO₃⁻<span>  pair up to make </span>Ca(NO₃)₂ salt<span>. </span><span>
<span>
</span><span>Positive ion is </span>Ca²⁺<span> which has </span></span>+2 charge<span> and negative ion is</span> NO₃⁻<span> <span>which has </span></span>-1 charge<span>. From switching the charges </span>Ca²⁺ gets 1<span> <span>while </span></span>NO₃⁻ gets 2.<span> Hence, the salt should be </span>Ca(NO₃)₂.<span>

Balanced equation is 
</span>2HNO₃<span>(aq) + Ca(OH)</span>₂<span>(aq) → 2H</span>₂O(l) + Ca(NO<span>₃)₂(aq)</span><span>
<span>
3. Salt is CaCl</span></span>₂<span>

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<span>
H</span></span>⁺<span> in the HCl and </span>OH⁻<span> of the Ca(OH)₂ pair up and make </span>H₂O(l)<span>. </span><span>

Ca²⁺ and </span>Cl⁻<span> pair up to make </span>CaCl₂ salt<span>. </span><span>
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</span><span>Positive ion is </span>Ca²⁺ which has </span>+2 charge<span> and negative ion is</span> Cl⁻<span> which has </span>-1 charge<span>. By switching the charges </span>Ca²⁺ gets 1<span> while </span>NO₃⁻ gets 2.<span> Hence, the salt should be </span>CaCl₂.<span>

Balance equation is 
</span><span>2HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)</span>₂<span>(aq) → 2H</span>₂O(l) + CaCl₂<span>(aq)

4. Salt is KCl<span>

</span>This is a strong acid - strong base<span> reaction. </span>HCl is the strong acid<span> and </span>KOH is the strong base<span>. </span>
<span>
H</span></span>⁺<span> in the HCl and </span>OH⁻<span> of the KOH pair up and make </span>H₂O(l)<span>. </span><span>

K</span><span>⁺ and </span>Cl⁻<span> pair up to make </span>KCl salt<span>. </span><span>
<span>
</span><span>Positive ion is K</span></span><span>⁺ which has </span>+1 charge<span> and negative ion is</span> Cl⁻<span> which has </span>-1 charge<span>. By switching the charges </span>K⁺ gets 1<span> and </span>Cl⁻ also gets 1.<span> Hence, the salt should be </span>KCl.<span>

Balance equation is 
</span><span>HCl(aq) + KOH(aq) → H</span>₂<span>O(l) + KCl(aq)</span>

5 0
3 years ago
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