Answer:
General formula of alkanes is: 
General formula of alkyl: 
The correct answer is : a. Salt water
There are 3 possible ways of determining pH.
1. A pH meter, 2. Litmus paper/ pH test strips or 3. Titrations.
1. A pH meter works by sending a small electric current through the solution. An electrical current can only be created if there are free-moving particles such as H+ ions from an acid or OH- ions from a base. The pH meter can determine the pH by how high the conductivity is.
2. Litmus Paper or pH test strips are strips that turn a specific colour under a specific pH. This colour can then be compared to a colour chart which will tell you the pH. The downfall of this method is that the red ink will stain the strip and you will be unable to get an accurate reading.
3. A titration is the best method, if done properly, for determining pH.
Explanation:
If the concentration of a substance is changed, the equilibrium will shift to minimise the effect of that change. If the concentration of a reactant is increased the equilibrium will shift in the direction of the reaction that uses the reactants, so that the reactant concentration decreases. For example, decreased volume and therefore increased concentration of both reactants and products for the following reaction at equilibrium will shift the system toward more products.
