Answer:
the atoms have more valence electrons
Explanation:
In Grignard reaction, Biphenyl and benzene are common side products which are removed during trituration.
In organic chemistry, a reaction in which the Grignard reagents or organometallic substances are added to organic compounds such as aldehydes and ketones to form alcohol is known as Grignard reaction.
These Grignard reagents are magnesium halides of alkyl, vinyl or allyl, which react with a carbonyl group to form alcohols.
During this reaction, primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols are formed.
While Biphenyl and benzene are common side products.
These are removed during trituration process in which cold petroleum ether is added to dissolve the biphenyl and benzene side products
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44. (a) N2O3 (b) SF4 (c) AlCl3 (d) Li2CO3
46. H Br
δ+ δ−
48. The metallic potassium atoms lose one electron and form +1 cations,
and the nonmetallic fluorine atoms gain one electron and form –1 anions.
K → K+
+ e–
19p/19e–
19p/18e–
F + e–
→ F–
9p/9e–
9p/10e–
The ionic bonds are the attractions between K+
cations and F–
anions.
50. See Figure 3.6.
52. (a) covalent…nonmetal-nonmetal (b) ionic…metal-nonmetal
54. (a) all nonmetallic atoms - molecular (b) metal-nonmetal - ionic
56. (a) 7 (b) 4
58. Each of the following answers is based on the assumption that nonmetallic
atoms tend to form covalent bonds in order to get an octet (8) of
electrons around each atom, like the very stable noble gases (other than
helium). Covalent bonds (represented by lines in Lewis structures) and lone
pairs each contribute two electrons to the octet.
(a) oxygen, O
If oxygen atoms form two covalent bonds, they will have an octet of electrons
around them. Water is an example:
H O H
(b) fluorine, F
If fluorine atoms form one covalent bond, they will have an octet of electrons
around them. Hydrogen fluoride, HF, is an example:
H F
(c) carbon, C
If carbon atoms form four covalent bonds, they will have an octet of electrons
around them. Methane, CH4, is an example:
H H
H
H
C
(d) phosphorus, P
If phosphorus atoms form three covalent bonds, they will have an octet
Let the 8% solution be A, the 20% solution be B and the final solution be C.
C = A + B
C = 12 + B
0.16C = 0.08(12) + 0.2(B)
0.16(12 + B) = 0.96 + 0.2B
0.96 = 0.04B
B = 24 Liters
C = 12 + 24
C = 36 Liters
