If there is a close container with some water, the following procedures take place.
Initially, the system contains only liquid, and air above it. As evaporation starts (the rate of evaporation is constant for the specific temperature of the water), the molecules from the surface of the liquid escape into vapour state, in the confined space above. Therefore, the level of liquid falls.
Then starts the process of condensation. This is the conversion of vapour into liquid. Initially, escaped molecules (from liquid state) move randomly in all directions and collide with one another. As more and more molecules enter the confined space, some slow-moving molecules are pushed back. They collide with the surface of the liquid to reconvert into liquid.
In the initial stages, the rate of evaporation (constant) is more than the rate of condensation because only small number of molecules are present in the gaseous state. The rate of condensation thereafter gradually increases as the number of molecules in the gaseous phase increases. Finally, a stage is reached when the rate of the two opposing processes is the same.
The state where the rate of evaporation becomes equal to the rate of condensation is called a state of dynamic equilibrium. In such a state, although the amount of liquid level in the container does not change, evaporation has not stopped and the system is not at rest. In fact, the number of molecules, which escape from the liquid to the gaseous phase (due to evaporation), becomes equal to the number of vapour molecules that return to the liquid
Stellar nebula, star, red giant, planetary nebula and then a white dwarf.
Explanation:
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The rate law equation for Ozone reaction
r=k[O][O₂]
<h3>Further e
xplanation</h3>
Given
Reaction of Ozone :.
O(g) + O2(g) → O3(g)
Required
the rate law equation
Solution
The rate law is a chemical equation that shows the relationship between reaction rate and the concentration / pressure of the reactants
For reaction
aA + bB ⇒ C + D
The rate law can be formulated:
![\large{\boxed{\boxed{\bold{r~=~k.[A]^a[B]^b}}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Clarge%7B%5Cboxed%7B%5Cboxed%7B%5Cbold%7Br~%3D~k.%5BA%5D%5Ea%5BB%5D%5Eb%7D%7D%7D)
where
r = reaction rate, M / s
k = constant, mol¹⁻⁽ᵃ⁺ᵇ⁾. L⁽ᵃ⁺ᵇ⁾⁻¹. S⁻¹
a = reaction order to A
b = reaction order to B
[A] = [B] = concentration of substances
So for Ozone reaction, the rate law (first orde for both O and O₂) :
![\tt \boxed{\bold{r=k[O][O_2]}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctt%20%5Cboxed%7B%5Cbold%7Br%3Dk%5BO%5D%5BO_2%5D%7D%7D)
The number of subshells in any given shell is equal to that shell's number. So the first shell (n=1) contains 1 subshell (1s). The second shell (n=2) contains 2 subshells (2s and 2p). The third shell (n=3) contains 3 subshells (3s, 3p, and 3d), and the fourth shell (n=4) contains 4 subshells (4s, 4p, 4d, and 4f).
<span>All d-type subshells have 5 orbitals, regardless of which shell they're in. s-type subshells contain 1 orbital each, p-type subshells contain 3 orbitals each, and f-type subshells contain 7 orbitals each. The answer would still be "five" even if you'd said 3d, 4d, or 6d...they all have five orbitals. </span>
