A cohesive force is best described as the attraction between two liquid molecules. Cohesive forces are the inter-molecular forces between similar molecules, which cause a tendency in liquids to resist separation. For example a water drop is composed of water molecules that like to stick together
This uses the concept of freezing point depression. When faced with this issue, we use the following equation:
ΔT = i·Kf·m
which translates in english to:
Change in freezing point = vant hoff factor * molal freezing point depression constant * molality of solution
Because the freezing point depression is a colligative property, it does not depend on the identity of the molecules, just the number of them.
Now, we know that molality will be constant, and Kf will be constant, so our only unknown is "i", or the van't hoff factor.
The van't hoff factor is the number of atoms that dissociate from each individual molecule. The higher the van't hoff factor, the more depressed the freezing point will be.
NaCl will dissociate into Na+ and Cl-, so it has i = 2
CaCl2 will dissociate into Ca2+ and 2 Cl-, so it has i = 3
AlBr3 will dissociate into Al3+ and 3 Br-, so it has i = 4
Therefore, AlBr3 will lower the freezing point of water the most.
Answer:
Helium and Neon have similar chemical properties because both of them completely fill the outer shell of their atoms' electrons, so there is nothing to share with other atoms, neither with the same element nor with any other element.
Explanation:
Helium and Neon are both noble gases . As elements react, their atoms, by losing, acquiring, or sharing electrons, complete their outer shells. Noble gas atoms already have full outer shells, so there is no tendency for them to lose, gain, or share electrons. There are incomplete outer shells of atoms of group 1 and 7 elements (so they are reactive)
<u>Chemical properties of HELIUM and NEON -:
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- In group 8(or 0) of the periodic table, on the far right side, the Noble Gases are contained. Helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon are their names.
- They are extremely colourless and unreactive.
- They do not form bonds, so they still remain as single (monatomic) atoms.
- There is very little chemical reactivity in them.
Hence, helium and neon have similar chemical properties as they are the most stable due to having the maximum number of valence electrons their outer shell can hold.
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Isotopes have same atomic number or same number of protons, but different number of neutrons and mass number.
If they have same atomic number or same number of protons as the original one they are isotopes.
