Answer:
Because the government can use her sovereign power to both mitigate negative externalities as well as encourage positive externalities.
Explanation:
A positive externality occurs when the transaction between a producer and end user benefits a third party that did not take art in the process.
A very Good example is Education. There is a third party benefit to the society when we have more educated citizens.
A negative externality happens when the business transaction between a manufacturer and consumer affects a third party adversely. a typical example is cigarettes. When cigarettes is consumed by the end user, the smoke can affect the health of a third party that was not part of the initial transaction.
To deal with both positive and negative externalities, government intervention is very crucial.
Government encourages positive externalities like education by subsidizing the cost of attending a school. They also enact laws that make basic education compulsory.
In the case of negative externalities, Government can intervene with a ban on producing harmful goods and also set a legislation about smoking in public laces to mitigate the health complications caused by third party inhalation.
Answer:
NPV = $-42,124.72
Explanation:
The new present value of after tax cash flows from an investment less the amount invested.
NPV can be calculated using a financial calculator:
Cash flow in year 0 = $-54,000
Cash flow each year in year 1 and 2 = $2,600
Cash flow in year 3 = $2,600 + $7,200 = $9,800
I = 10%
NPV = $-42,124.72
To find the NPV using a financial calacutor:
1. Input the cash flow values by pressing the CF button. After inputting the value, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
2. After inputting all the cash flows, press the NPV button, input the value for I, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
3. Press compute
I hope my answer helps you
Answer:
Cost of equity = 10.7%
Explanation:
<em>We will work out the required rate of return using the the dividend valuation model. The model states that the value of a stock is the present value of the future divided discounted at the cost of equity.
</em>
The model is given below:
P = D× (1+g)/(r-g)
P- price of stock, D- dividend payable now, g- growth rate in dividend, r- cost of equity
So we substitute
130 = 5.50× (1+r)/(r-0.06)
cross multiplying
(r-0.06)× 130 = 5.50 × (1+r)
130 r- 7.8 = 5.50 + 5.50r
collecting like terms
130 r - 5.50r=5.50 + 7.8
124.5 r= 13.3
Divide both sides by 124.5
r =13.3 /124.5= 0.1068
r=0.1068 × 100= 10.7%
Cost of equity = 10.7%
