Answer:
Repulsive forces exist only when atoms are very close to each other. (3/14) "They [the atoms] will approach until both nuclei will simply shove each other because both of them are positive." The balance between the attraction and repulsion forces determines how close the atoms can get. The relationships between the magnitude and direction of repulsive and attractive forces. A stable state of a bond is when attractive forces balance repulsion forces. “A stable state between two atoms is when they attract each other with a force that equals the force that they repel each other.”
Answer:
the value of the equilibrium constant Kp for this reaction is 0.275
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Pressure HCl at the equilibrium = 18.0 atm
Pressure H2 at the equilibrium = 25.4 atm
Pressure Cl2 at the equilibrium = 46.4 atm
Step 2: The balanced equation
H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2 HCl(g)
Step 3: Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant Kp for this reaction
Kp = (pHCl)² / (pH2*pCl2)
Kp = 18.0² / (25.4 * 46.4)
Kp = 324 / 1178.56
Kp = 0.275
the value of the equilibrium constant Kp for this reaction is 0.275
Resonance, leaving group, carbonyl carbon delta+, and steric effect is the most crucial variables that affect the relative reactivity of a functional group containing a carbonyl in an addition or substitution process.
Discussion:
1. Carbonyl Carbon Delta+: The carbonyl group becomes more electrophilic and accelerates nucleophilic assault when the carbonyl carbon delta+ is bigger.
2. Resonance: When the carbonyl is transformed into the tetrahedral adduct, it may be lost. Loss of resonance increases the energy of the transition state for this nucleophilic assault because resonance has the function of stabilizing. Therefore, a carbonyl functional group's resistance to nucleophilic attack increases as resonance in the group increases in importance.
3. Leaving group: Tetrahedral adduct fragmentation is encouraged by a better LG.
4. Steric effects: The nucleophilic attack on carbonyl carbon is delayed when sterically impeded.
Learn more about carbonyl here:
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Answer: Soils are formed through the interaction of five major factors: time, climate, parent material, topography and relief, and organisms.
Soil structure affects plant growth in many, often surprising, ways. The most obvious effects are on root growth, which is strongly inhibited by hard soil, and which in turn influences the ability of the root system to extract adequate water and nutrients from the soil.
Explanation:
https://www.publish.csiro.au/sr/pdf/SR9910717
This is where I gather some info.
