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3 years ago

8

Future space rockets might propel themselves by firing laser beams, rather than exhaust gases, out the back. The acceleration wo

uld be small, but it could continue for months or years in the vacuum of space. Consider a 1200 kg uncrewed space probe powered by a 15 MW laser. After one year, how far will it have traveled and how fast will it be going

1 answer:

Nina [5.8K]3 years ago

8 0

Answer:

Acceleration = 0.0282 m/s^2

Distance = 13.98 * 10^12 m

Explanation:

we will apply the energy theorem

work done = ΔK.E ( change in Kinetic energy ) ---- ( 1 )

<em>where :</em>

work done = p * t

= 15 * 10^6 watts * ( 1 year ) = 473040000 * 10^6 J

( note : convert 1 year to seconds )

and ΔK.E = 1/2 mVf^2 given ; m = 1200 kg and initial V = 0

<u>back to equation 1 </u>

473040000 * 10^6 = 1/2 mv^2

Vf^2 = 2(473040000 * 10^6 ) / 1200

∴ Vf = 887918.92 m/s

<u>i) Determine how fast the rocket is ( acceleration of the rocket )</u>

a = Vf / t

= 887918.92 / ( 1 year )

= 0.0282 m/s^2

<u>ii) determine distance travelled by rocket </u>

Vf^2 - Vi^2 = 2as

Vi = 0

hence ; Vf^2 = 2as

s ( distance ) = Vf^2 / ( 2a )

= ( 887918.92 )^2 / ( 2 * 0.0282 )

= 13.98 * 10^12 m

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Answer:

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Solution:

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The electric potential at a distance d due to 'Q' is:

$V = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_{o}}.\frac{Q}{d}$

Now, for the Electric potential for the two plates A and B at midway between the plates due to 'q':

For plate A,

$V_{A} = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_{o}}.\frac{q}{\frac{d}{2}}$

Similar is the case with plate B:

$V_{B} = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_{o}}.\frac{q}{\frac{d}{2}}$

Since the electric potential is a scalar quantity, the net or total potential is given as the sum of the potential for the two plates:

$V_{total} = V_{A} + V_{B} = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_{o}}.q(\frac{1}{\frac{d}{2}} + \frac{1}{\frac{d}{2}}$

$V_{total} = \frac{q}{4\pi\epsilon_{o}d}$

Now,

The Electric field due to charge Q at a distance is given by:

$\vec{E} = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_{o}}.\frac{Q}{d^{2}}$

Now, if the charge q is mid way between the field, then distance is $\frac{d}{2}$ .

Electric Field at plate A, $\vec{E_{A}}$ at midway due to charge q:

$\vec{E_{A}} = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_{o}}.\frac{q}{(\frac{d}{2})^{2}}$

Similarly, for plate B:

$\vec{E_{B}} = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_{o}}.\frac{q}{(\frac{d}{2})^{2}}$

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The potential difference between points a and b is zero.

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If Mrs. Reichelt throws a chromebook, because it won't login correctly, with a force of 8N, and the chromebook accelerates at 5m

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A running mountain lion can make a leap 10.0 m long, reaching a maximum height of 3.0 m.?a.What is the speed of the mountain lio

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Answer:

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Explanation:

This is going to be long, so if you want to see how it was solved refer to the attached solution. If you want to know the step by step process, read on.

To solve this, you will need use two kinematic equations and SOHCAHTOA:

$d = v_it + \dfrac{1}{2}at^{2}\\\\vf = vi + at$

With these formulas, we can derive formulas for everything you need:

Things you need to remember:

A projectile at an angle has a x-component (horizontal movement) and y-component (vertical movement), which is the reason why it creates an angle.

Treat them separately.

At maximum height, the vertical final velocity is always 0 m/s going up. And initial vertical velocity is 0 m/s going down.

Horizontal movement is not influenced by gravity.
acceleration due to gravity (a) on Earth is constant at 9.8m/s

First we need to take your given:

10.0 m long (horizontal) and maximum height of 3.0m (vertical).

$d_x=10.0m\\d_y=3.0m$

What your problem is looking for is the initial velocity and the angle it left the ground.

Vi = ? Θ =?

Vi here is the diagonal movement and do solve this, we need both the horizontal velocity and the vertical velocity.

Let's deal with the vertical components first:

We can use the second kinematic equation given to solve for the vertical initial velocity but we are missing time. So we use the first kinematic equation to derive a formula for time.

$d_y=V_i_yt+\dfrac{1}{2}at^{2}$

Since it is at maximum height at this point, we can assume that the lion is already making its way down so the initial vertical velocity would be 0 m/s. So we can reduce the formula:

$d_y=0+\dfrac{1}{2}at^{2}$

$d_y=\dfrac{1}{2}at^{2}$

From here we can derive the formula of time:

$t=\sqrt{\dfrac{2d_y}{a}}$

Now we just plug in what we know:

$t=\sqrt{\dfrac{(2)(3.0m}{9.8m/s^2}}\\t=0.782s$

Now that we know the time it takes to get from the highest point to the ground. The time going up is equal to the time going down, so we can use this time to solve for the intial scenario of going up.

$vf_y=vi_y+at$

Remember that going up the vertical final velocity is 0m/s, and remember that gravity is always moving downwards so it is negative.

$0m/s=vi_y+-9.8m/s^{2}(0.782s)\\-vi_y=-9.8m/s^{2}(0.782s)\\-vi_y=-7.66m/s\\vi_y=7.66m/s$

So we have our first initial vertical velocity:

Viy = 7.66m/s

Next we solve for the horizontal velocity. We use the same kinematic formula but replace it with x components. Remember that gravity has no influence horizontally so a = 0:

$d_x=V_i_xt+\dfrac{1}{2}0m/s^{2}(t^{2})\\d_x=V_i_xt$

But horizontally, it considers the time of flight, from the time it was released and the time it hits the ground. Also, like mentioned earlier the time going up is the same as going down, so if we combine them the total time in flight will be twice the time.

T= 2t

T = 2 (0.782s)

<em>T = 1.564s</em>

<em>So we use this in our formula:</em>

<em> $d_x=V_i_xT\\\\10.0m=Vi_x(1.564s)\\\\\dfrac{10.0m}{1.564s}=V_i_x\\\\6.39m/s=V_i_x$ </em>

Vix=6.39m/s

Now we have the horizontal and the vertical component, we can solve for the diagonal initial velocity, or the velocity the mountain lion leapt and the angle, by creating a right triangles, using vectors (see attached)

To get the diagonal, you just use the Pythagorean theorem:

c²=a²+b²

Using it in the context of our problem:

$Vi^{2}=Viy^2+Vix^2\\Vi^2=(7.66m/s)^2+(6.39m/s)^2\\\sqrt{Vi}=\sqrt{(7.66m/s)^2+(6.39m/s)^2}\\\\Vi=9.98m/s$

The lion leapt at 9.98m/s

Using SOHCAHTOA, we know that we can TOA to solve for the angle, because we have the opposite and adjacent side:

$Tan\theta=\dfrac{O}{A}\\\\Tan\theta=\dfrac{V_i_y}{V_i_x}\\\\\theta=Tan^{-1}\dfrac{V_i_y}{V_i_x}\\\\\theta=Tan^{-1}\dfrac{7.66m/s}{6.39m/s}\\\\\theta=50.17$

The lion leapt at an angle of 50.16°.

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3 years ago