Don’t really understand what you’re asking but, if you’re asking how to read a graduated cylinder:
Look at the graduated cylinder at eye level, find the meniscus, whatever the meniscus is at is your answer.
Calcium is stored in bones in the body
The value given is called the Avogadro's number. It is the number of particles in every 1 mole of any substance. I think this is a trial and error process. Input 6.022x10^23 into your calculator. Add to this a number consisting of the maximum digit which is 9. Apparently, when 10×10¹³ is added, the display already changes. Therefore, the largest number would have to be 10×10¹².
Ionic Bonding:
This type of bonding occurs when atoms want to fulfil their valence shells by taking/giving electrons to other atoms. This, leads to completed valence shells in most cases and ionisation of both elements. The opposite charges cause the elements to stick together because opposites attract.
Covalent Bonding:
This type of bonding occurs when electrons are shared between atoms to each fill up their own valence shells by sharing. The balance between the attraction forces and repulsion forces between the shared electrons is called covalent bonding.
Hope I helped :)
