Answer: The frequency of brown beetles is 0.32.
Explanation: The frequency of A1 allele is 0.8. As p+q=1, or the sum of dominant and recessive frequencies equals 1 or 100%:
1 - 0.8 = 0.2
In Hardy-Weinberg principle,

2pq represents the frequency of heterozygote individuals, so:
genotype A1A2 = 2*0.8*0.2 = 0.32.
Thus, the frequency of brown beetles (A1A2) in the population is 0.32.
Proteins can denature at extreme temperatures, or denature when inhibits are present. When this happens their functionality is dramatically reduced.
Answer: See explanation.
Explanation: It plays an important part in the development of embryos, and it is important for the growth and development of our bodies as well. Mitosis produces new cells, and replaces cells that are old, lost or damaged.
Based on that scenario, a faulty reasoning that the student's research advisor most likely point out is : The rock that makes up the fossils replaced the organisms tissue and genetic material,
Because of this , their genomes can't be extracted.
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