The A horizon is a surface horizon that largely consists of minerals (sand<span>, </span>silt<span>, and </span>clay) and with appreciable amounts of organic matter. This horizon is predominantly the surface layer of many soils in grasslands and agricultural lands.<span>These </span>materials typically<span> accumulate through a process termed illuviation, wherein the </span>materials<span> gradually wash in from the overlying.</span>
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