Answer:
![\Delta H=-11897J](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20H%3D-11897J)
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, it is widely known that for isochoric processes, the change in the enthalpy is computed by:
![\Delta H=\Delta U+V\Delta P](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20H%3D%5CDelta%20U%2BV%5CDelta%20P)
Whereas the change in the internal energy is computed by:
So we compute the initial and final temperatures for one mole of the ideal gas:
![T_1= \frac{P_1V}{nR}=\frac{10.90atm*4.86L}{0.082*n}=\frac{646.02K }{n} \\\\T_2= \frac{P_2V}{nR}=\frac{1.24atm*4.86L}{0.082*n}=\frac{73.49K }{n}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=T_1%3D%20%5Cfrac%7BP_1V%7D%7BnR%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B10.90atm%2A4.86L%7D%7B0.082%2An%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B646.02K%20%20%7D%7Bn%7D%20%5C%5C%5C%5CT_2%3D%20%5Cfrac%7BP_2V%7D%7BnR%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B1.24atm%2A4.86L%7D%7B0.082%2An%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B73.49K%20%20%7D%7Bn%7D)
Next, the change in the internal energy, since the volume-constant specific heat could be assumed as ³/₂R:
![\Delta U=1mol*\frac{3}{2} (8.314\frac{J}{mol*K} )*(73.49K-646.02K )=-7140J](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20U%3D1mol%2A%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B2%7D%20%288.314%5Cfrac%7BJ%7D%7Bmol%2AK%7D%20%29%2A%2873.49K-646.02K%20%29%3D-7140J)
Then, the volume-pressure product in Joules:
![V\Delta P=4.86L*\frac{1m^3}{1000L} *(1.24atm-10.90atm)*\frac{101325Pa}{1atm} \\\\V\Delta P=-4756.96J](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=V%5CDelta%20P%3D4.86L%2A%5Cfrac%7B1m%5E3%7D%7B1000L%7D%20%2A%281.24atm-10.90atm%29%2A%5Cfrac%7B101325Pa%7D%7B1atm%7D%20%5C%5C%5C%5CV%5CDelta%20P%3D-4756.96J)
Finally, the change in the enthalpy for the process:
![\Delta H=-7140J-4757J\\\\\Delta H=-11897J](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20H%3D-7140J-4757J%5C%5C%5C%5C%5CDelta%20H%3D-11897J)
Best regards.
Answer: The correct option is A,
--> a.) Transition metals have partially filled d subshells.
Explanation:
Transition elements are all metals of economic importance. They are found in the d- lock of the periodic table between group 2 and 3. They occupy three rows, with ten elements in each row. The term 'transition metals' refers only to an element which has PARTIALLY filled d orbitals. Typical example of transition metals include iron (Fe).
They have partially filled 3d orbitals which are responsible for the special properties of the metals. These include:
--> Physical properties: the transition metals have high boiling and melting points. They are hard, dense and lustrous. They are also good conductors of heat and electricity.
--> Chemical reactivity: In the s- block and p-block, the chemical properties of the elements in the same period vary, often quite markedly, from left to right. This does not happen with the transition metals because electrons are added progressively to the inner d-orbitals.
--> Variable oxidation states: they have variable oxidation states because 3d electrons are available for bond formation.
Answer: 32.94 g
Explanation: It's stoichiometry problem so balanced equation is required. The balanced equation is given below:
![Kr+2Cl_2\rightarrow KrCl_4](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Kr%2B2Cl_2%5Crightarrow%20KrCl_4)
From the balanced equation, krypton and chlorine react in 1:2 mol ratio. We will calculate the moles of each reactant gas using ideal gas law equation(PV = nRT) and then using mol ratio the limiting reactant is figured out that helps to calculate the amount of the product formed.
for Krypton, P = 0.500 atm and for chlorine, P = 1.50 atm
V = 15.0 L
T = 350.8 + 273 = 623.8 K
For krypton, ![n=\frac{0.500*15.0}{0.0821*623.8}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=n%3D%5Cfrac%7B0.500%2A15.0%7D%7B0.0821%2A623.8%7D)
n = 0.146 moles
for chlorine, ![n=\frac{1.50*15.0}{0.0821*623.8}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=n%3D%5Cfrac%7B1.50%2A15.0%7D%7B0.0821%2A623.8%7D)
n = 0.439
From the mole ratio, 1 mol of krypton reacts with 2 moles of chlorine. So 0.146 moles of krypton will react with 2 x 0.146 = 0.292 moles of chlorine.
Since 0.439 moles of chlorine are available, it is present in excess and hence the limiting reactant is krypton.
So, the amount of product formed is calculated from moles of krypton.
Molar mass of krypton tetrachloride is 225.61 gram per mol.
There is 1:1 mol ratio between krypton and krypton tetrachloride.
![0.146molKr(\frac{1molKrCl_4}{molKr})(\frac{225.61gKrCl_4}{1molKrCl_4})](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=0.146molKr%28%5Cfrac%7B1molKrCl_4%7D%7BmolKr%7D%29%28%5Cfrac%7B225.61gKrCl_4%7D%7B1molKrCl_4%7D%29)
= 32.94 g of ![KrCl_4](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=KrCl_4)
So, 32.94 g of the product will form.