Sub-atomic particles like negatively charged electrons, positively charged
1 answer:
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Answer:
I. Kindly, see the attached image.
II. The reaction is exothermic.
III. - 51.88 kJ/mol.
IV. The reaction is spontaneous.
Explanation:
I. Draw a possible potential energy diagram of the reaction. Label the enthalpy of the reaction.
- Since the sign of ΔH is negative, the reaction is exothermic reaction.
In an exothermic reaction, the energy of the reactants is higher than that of the products.
<u><em>Kindly see the attached image to show you the potential energy diagram of the reaction.</em></u>
<em>II. Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic? Explain your answer.</em>
- The reaction is exothermic reaction.
- The sign of ΔH indicates wither the reaction is endothermic or exothermic one:
If the sign is positive, the reaction is endothermic.
If the sign is negative, the reaction is exothermic.
Herein, <em>ΔH = - 33.1 kJ/mol, </em>so the reaction is exothermic.
<em>III. What is the Gibbs free energy of the reaction at 25°C? </em>
∵ ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.
Where, ΔG is the Gibbs free energy change (J/mol).
ΔH is the enthalpy change (ΔH = - 33.1 kJ/mol).
T is the temperature (T = 25°C + 273 = 298 K).
ΔS is the entorpy change (ΔS = 63.02 J/mol.K = 0.06302 J/mol.K).
<em>∴ ΔG = ΔH - TΔS</em> = (- 33.1 kJ/mol) - (298 K)(0.06302 J/mol.K) = <em>- 51.88 kJ/mol.</em>
IV. Is the reaction spontaneous or nonspontaneous at 25°C?
The sign of ΔG indicates the spontaneity of the reaction:
If ΔG < 0, the reaction is spontaneous.
If ΔG = 0, the reaction is at equilibrium.
If ΔG > 0, the reaction is nonspontaneous.
Herein, <em>ΔG = - 51.88 kJ/mol, </em>so the reaction is spontaneous.
Complete question
Draw the structure of the compound that exhibits the
spectrum shown on the first uploaded image(on the second and third uploaded image is closer look at the
spectrum ) . Impurity peaks are omitted from the peak list. The triplet at 77 ppm is
.
Answer:
The structure that might exhibit the spectrum is shown on the fifth uploaded image
Explanation:
In order to get a good understanding of the answer above we need to know that
• Proton NMR spectrum: proton NMR spectroscopy is one of the techniques, which is useful to predict the structure of the compound.
• In spectroscopy, peaks are observed at the point where the wavelength of proton nuclei matched to substance nuclei wavelength.
• In same manner there are other spectroscopies are present like
, IR and mass spectroscopy.
• Infrared spectroscopy is used to determine the functional groups present in a compound.
• Infrared bands observed when there is change in dipole moment occurs between the atoms. Infrared bands describe about the bond stretches, which causes due to the dipole moment present in the molecule.
Fundamentals
Double bond equivalence: number of double bonds or number of rings in the structure can be calculated by using double bond equivalence formula.
Where,
number of carbon atoms
number of hydrogen atoms
number of chlorine atoms
number of nitrogen atoms
The table for the is shown on the fourth uploaded image
Molecular formula of the compound is
Double bond equivalence of the compound is calculated below.
Where,
9
10
0
0
Therefore, the compound has five double bonds, which indicating that there is chance of getting aromatic rings too.
Note:
Double bond equivalence is calculated as 5 which indicates that there are 5 double bond (may rings) in the structure of the compound.
Double bond equivalence is calculated by using this formula.
13C NMR data of the compound is explained below.
1.A peak at 166.5 ppm, which indicates the presence of ester group
2.Peaks at 132.7, 130.5, 129.5, 128.2 ppm (aromatic carbons) are indicating a mono substituted aromatic ring
3.A peak at 60.9 ppm means methylene group attached to oxygen atom
4.A peak at 14.3 ppm, which indicates the presence of methyl group
According to this data and the using the double bond equivalence, structure of the compound shown on the fifth uploaded image .
Note:
According to given spectral data, structure of the compound has been predicted. It is clear that; -ester functional group is present in the structure because there is a peak at 166.5ppm. According to given proton data, above structure has been drawn. Therefore, the compound is ethyl benzoate.
