Since the enthalpy can be calculated from the heat of formation, the enthalpy is 136 kJ/mol.
<h3>What is enthalpy?</h3>
The enthalpy of a reaction is the heat that is lost or gained in that reaction. We know that the enthalpy can be calculated from the heat of formation.
Thus, we can obtain the enthalpy of the reaction as 4 * 34 kJ/mol = 136 kJ/mol.
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Gold has a heavy enough nucleus that its electrons must travel at speeds nearing the speed of light to prevent them from falling into the nucleus. This relativistic effect applies to those orbitals that have appreciable density at the nucleus, such as s and p orbitals. These relativistic electrons gain mass and as a consequence, their orbits contract. As these s and (to some degree) p orbits are contracted, the other electrons in d and f orbitals are better screened from the nucleus and their orbitals actually expand.
Since the 6s orbital with one electron is contracted, this electron is more tightly bound to the nucleus and less available for bonding with other atoms. The 4f and 5d orbitals expand, but can't be involved in bond formation since they are completely filled. This is why gold is relatively unreactive.
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1. alpha particle
alpha particles are positively charged helium nuclei with weak penetrating power
The straight horizontal line shows us that the object is moving at a constant speed
