The find the approximate age of the granite one must know the half-life of potassium-40. The half-life of an element is the period of time in which half atoms of the same substance changes into the isotope of the element. The isotope of potassium-40 is Argon 40. Potassium-40 has a half-life of approximately 1.3 billion years. The rock is approximately 1.3 billion years old.
Answer:
The direction of induced emf is revered and hence the direction of the induced current.
Explanation:
If the polarity of the magnet is reversed, the direction if the field lines through the solenoid is also reversed, which according to Faraday's law means

in other words, the direction of the magnetic flux is revered, and therefore, the direction of the induced emf is also revered.
Furthermore, according to Ohm's law

which tells us that if the induced emf changes sign <em>(is reversed)</em>

the direction of the induced current is also reversed.
The charge? If you mean valance electrons, the answer is 8. All compounds must be equal to that of a noble gas.