Question

A. The potential energy stored in the compressed spring of a dart gun, with a spring constant of 62.00 N/m, is 0.940 J. Find by how much is the spring is compressed.
b. A 0.010 kg dart is fired straight up. Find the vertical distance the dart travels from its position when the spring is compressed to its highest position.
c. The same dart is now fired horizontally from a height of 4.70 m. The dart remains in contact until the spring reaches its equilibrium position. Find the horizontal velocity of the dart at that time.
d. Find the horizontal distance from the equilibrium position at which the dart hits the ground.

Answer 1

a. The spring is compressed  by  0.174 m.

b.  The vertical distance the dart travels from its position when the spring is compressed to its highest position is 9.6 m.

c. The horizontal velocity of the dart at that time is  13.74 m/s.

d. The horizontal distance from the equilibrium position at which the dart hits the ground is 19.236 m.

What is potential energy?

The energy by virtue of its position is called the potential energy.

a. Given is the potential energy stored in the compressed spring of a dart gun, with a spring constant of 62.00 N/m, is 0.940 J.

PE  of spring = 1/2 kx²

Put the values, we get

P.E = 0.940 = 1/2 x 62 x²

x = 0.174 m

Thus, the spring is compressed by 0.174 m.

b. Given is a 0.010 kg dart is fired straight up.

The vertical height is find out by

0.940 J = (0.010 kg) (9.8 m/s²) h

h = 9.6 m

Thus, the vertical distance the dart travels from its position is 9.6 m

c. From the conservation of energy principle, total mechanical energy is conserved.

1/2 mv² =mgh

v = √2gh

Plug the values, we get

v = √2 x 9.8x 9.6

v = 13.74 m/s

Thus, the horizontal velocity is  13.74 m/s.

d.  Time that dart spends in air, t = √2h/g

t = √(2x9.6)/9.81

t = 1.4 s

The horizontal distance from the equilibrium position at which the dart hits the ground.

Horizontal distance = (Velocity on x direction) x time

Horizontal distance = 13.74 m/s x 1.4s

Horizontal distance = 19.236 m

Thus, the horizontal distance is 19.236 m.

Learn more about potential energy.

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