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♨ The word ' acid ' is derived from the Latin word ' acidus ' which means sour. An acid is defined as the substance which gives hydrogen ions or protons ( H+ ) when dissolved in water. For example :
- Hydrochloric acid
- Sulphuric acid
- Nitric acid
- Carbonic acid
- Acetic acid
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☃ Physical properties :
- Acids have a sour taste. But some acids like steric acid, boric acid , salisylic acid do not have a sour taste. Laboratory acids are more corrosive , so they are dangerous to taste.
- Acid turn blue colour of litmus paper into red and light yellow methyl orange into red. They make phenolphthalein colourless.
☂ Chemical properties :
- Acids have a high dissolving power and dissolve many substances. Some metals like zinc and magnesium react with acids like dilute sulphuric acid and dilute hydrochloric acid to produce salt and hydrogen gas.
- Acid react with base to give salt and water.
- Acid gives H+ ions when dissolved in water.
- Acid react with metallic carbonates to produce carbon dioxide.
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Answer : The mass of liquid sodium needed are,
Explanation :
First we have to calculate the number of moles of liquid sodium.
where,
q = heat absorb = 1.20 MJ = 1.20 × 10⁶ J
n = number of moles of liquid sodium = ?
c = specific heat capacity =
= change in temperature =
Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:
Now we have to calculate the mass of liquid sodium.
Molar mass of Na = 23 g/mol
Therefore, the mass of liquid sodium needed are,