The equilibrium membrane potential is 41.9 mV.
To calculate the membrane potential, we use the <em>Nernst Equation</em>:
<em>V</em>_Na = (<em>RT</em>)/(<em>zF</em>) ln{[Na]_o/[Na]_ i}
where
• <em>V</em>_Na = the equilibrium membrane potential due to the sodium ions
• <em>R</em> = the universal gas constant [8.314 J·K^(-1)mol^(-1)]
• <em>T</em> = the Kelvin temperature
• <em>z</em> = the charge on the ion (+1)
• <em>F </em>= the Faraday constant [96 485 C·mol^(-1) = 96 485 J·V^(-1)mol^(-1)]
• [Na]_o = the concentration of Na^(+) outside the cell
• [Na]_i = the concentration of Na^(+) inside the cell
∴ <em>V</em>_Na =
[8.314 J·K^(-1)mol^(-1) × 293.15 K]/[1 × 96 485 J·V^(-1)mol^(-1)] ln(142 mM/27 mM) = 0.025 26 V × ln5.26 = 1.66× 25.26 mV = 41.9 mV
Correct answer: "A. Energy from an outside source is continuously being added."
An endothermic reaction is a reaction that is characterised by the system absorbing energy from its surroundings. That energy is usually in heat form. For example, when mixing water<span> with potassium chloride, this reaction will absorb heat and the container will feel cold - endothermic reaction.</span>
<span>It becomes an </span>ion<span>. An atom that gains a negative electron, it becomes a negative </span>ion<span>. If it loses an electron it becomes a positive </span>ion<span>.</span>
Hope this helps!
In this lab activity, a solution of gum arabic was added to a solution of gelatin to form coacervates<span>. Gum arabic is made up of </span>carbohydrate macromolecules<span> while gelatin is made up of </span>protein macromolecules<span>. this lab show how the earth was formed from many different molecules.</span>
