Progressing from the stage of “garden of Eden” to the stage of “thinking critically” is a form of gradual development through one’s critical thinking process, and known as the stages of knowing.
<u>Explanation:</u>
William Perry was the one who put forth the concept of gradual knowing, using one’s thinking and realizing.
- In the stage of “garden of Eden”, the individual almost holds a one sided view of knowing or knowledge, i.e. He sees the authorities being the epitome of knowledge and knowing, and see’s the world as seen through the perspective of the authorities.
- In the second stage however, the thinking and the knowing of the person becomes more rational. He starts to adhere other points of view, and realities that all authorities may be right in their respect and there is no one single truth. This is the stage of “anything goes”
- In the third stage of knowing, which is the “thinking critical stage”, here the individual out of curiosity and self-introspection, develops the rational and critical thinking that even though authorities say a point of view, other point of view also hold because there is convincing fact that supports the same.
- Here the individual raises in his thinking pattern as he explores other perspectives and ideas and may also conclude that there may be more than one approach to a particular idea. Thus, having a developed thinking pattern.
Answer:
Cognitive dissonance theory. The therapist is hoping to create a cognitive dissonance in Jamal in order to make him change how feels and readjust his behavior to build his confidence level as against his usual feeling of insecurity and shyness.
Explanation:
Cognitive dissonance is a social psychology concept that as developed by Leon Festinger. The theory states that, an individual tends to experience inconsistency and becomes tensed when the individual is exposed to beliefs that contradict their values or beliefs. The individual begins to experience dissonance. To solve this internal conflict, the individual would have to react in certain ways in order to return to consistency and establish a level of comfort.
The therapist suggestion that Jamal should “act as if” he is confident would create cognitive dissonance within Jamal. In order for Jamal to establish a consistency between what he believes about himself initially and what he is being told by the therapist, he would act confident, thereby realigning his values and beliefs with his action. The therapist would succeed in making Jamal view himself as a confident person
.
This is an example of ODD or Oppositional Defiance Disorder.
This is a diagnosis where a child just blatantly disobeys and has issues with being told what to do by anyone; especially authority figures.
Answer:
intimacy vs. isolation
Explanation:
Erikson theory of psychosocial development proposed 8 stages of development over the course of human lives. The sixth stage is known as Intimacy vs Isolation. This stage occurs between the ages of approximately 19 and 40 and the major conflict during this stage is on the formation of intimacy and relationship with others.
The answer would be Humanistic Psychology.
The achievement of self-actualization was first discussed by Abraham Maslow as part of his hierarchy of needs, and it represents the completition of the highest level of the hierarchy and the emergence of the "fully functional person". Self-actualization is basically the achievement of meaning in one's own life.
