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Nikitich [7]
2 years ago
13

15 pts! Explain how the absorption of energy (heating) affects the speed of the particles in a substance.

Chemistry
1 answer:
Sophie [7]2 years ago
8 0

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

Temperature has been severally defined as the measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a body. Heat is a form of energy that exists due to temperature difference.

Given a body whose molecules has a speed = (3RT/M)^1/2; this implies that for a given mass of the substance, the velocity of its particles depends on the temperature of the substance.

However, absorption of heat increases the temperature of the body. Therefore, when heat is absorbed, the temperature increases and the speed of the particles of a substance increases according to the relation above.

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In an aqueous chloride solution cobalt(ii) exists in equilibrium with the complex ion cocl42-. co2 (aq) is pink and cocl42-(aq)
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First you should know that the Principle of Le Chatelier states that <u>if a system in equilibrium is subjected to a change of conditions, it will move to a new position in order to counteract the effect that disturbed it and recover the state of equilibrium.</u>

The variation of one or several of the following factors can alter the equilibrium condition in a chemical reaction:

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1. This reaction is: <u>a. exothermic</u>

The chemical equilibrium at issue is:

CoCl₄²⁻  ⇄   Co²⁺ + 4Cl⁻ + heat

<em>blue</em>            <em>pink</em>

The reaction of the question is <u>exothermic</u> because when adding heat (at high temperature) the equilibrium moves to the left since the blue color is strong which means that there are more reagent (CoCl₄²⁻) that product (Co²⁺). On the other hand, when extracting heat from the system (at low temperature) the equilibrium moves to the right since the pink color predominates and more product is present in the solution.

2. When the temperature is decreased the equilibrium constant, k: <u>c. remains the same.</u>

As mentioned above, <u>a system in equilibrium that is disturbed will move to a new position in order to counteract the effect that disturbed it and recover the state of equilibrium. </u>In this way, the system will always remain in equilibrium and its equilibrium constant will remain constant. This is why, despite altering the temperature of the system, the equilibrium constant remains constant.

3. When the temperature is decreased the equilibrium concentration of Co²⁺:  <u>a. increases</u>

Again, the chemical equilibrium at issue is:

CoCl₄²⁻  ⇄   Co²⁺ + 4Cl⁻ + heat

As the reaction in question is exothermic when the temperature decreases, heat is extracted from the system. <u>To compensate this decrease in heat, the system will react by shifting the balance to the right, increasing the concentration of the products and, therefore, the concentration of Co²⁺.</u>

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If the unknown being determined is prepared using ethanol as the base solution, the blank used must be ethanol. This is because absorbance if any from the solvent, ethanol must be zeroed out as when the measurement of the actual unknown is being made, the absorbance of the solvent does not interfere.

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