Answer:
the answer is helium but more of then but for now use helium
Firstly, the density of any substance is represented by the mass (amount of matter) as divided by the volume(amount of space). According to external websites, the mass of a penny is 2.5 grams.However, the volume of a penny is .35cm to the power of 3 (due to the thickness of the penny being extremely minimal.Thus the amount of density is extremely little). Therefore, the density of a penny is 0.875 g/cm cubed (dimensional analysis).As for an invention that could be used, that is possible with the usage of a series of measurements that can both calculate mass and volume and directly allocate that to attain density
Mass of Oxygen: 0.0159 grams
Moles of Oxygen: 9.94x10^-4
To find the mass of oxygen, subtract the mass of copper from the total mass.

There are 0.0159 grams of Oxygen.
To find how many moles there are, divide the given amount of oxygen by the molar mass (atomic mass) of oxygen because that mass is the same as one mole of oxygen.
Molar mass of Oxygen: 16.00

There are 9.94*10^-4 moles of Oxygen.
It dramatically changed the way atoms were viewed since it proved that the nucleas existed(previously, they thought that the medium itself was positively charged), it actually helped MAKE the modern atomic structure, the electron cloud model.