They are positively or negatively charged based on their electrical configuration of electrons*
For example an electronic configuration of 2,8,3 would have a negative charge if +3 since it needs to lose 3 electrons to gain the electrical configuration of a noble gas
2,8,1 would have a charge of +1 for the same reason
2,8,6 would be -2 since it is easier to gain 2 electrons that lose 6 electrons
Hope this helped :))
The answer should be 479 i could possibly be wrong but that’s what i got because one mole is 47.90 grams
I think it can be dissolved but if u keep adding more sugar it will stop dissolving