Answer:
three to four letters to the left before it jumps over to the next fixation point.
Explanation:
A proton gradient is an important part of both photosynthesis and cellular respiration because couple the favorable flow of H+ to transport specific metabolites into and out of organelles.
<h3>What is the proton gradient?</h3>
The gradient is sometimes called the proton-motive and can be thought of as a form of energy, force and force in a battery. Like other ions, protons are not able to cross directly through the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane, as the interior of the membrane is hydrophobic.
The proton gradient generated by this manipulation provided a driving force for ATP synthesis in the absence of light. This confirms the chemiosmotic theory, where a chemical potential across the membrane can provide energy for ATP synthesis.
The proton gradient produced by pumping protons during the electron transport chain is used to synthesize ATP.
See more about proton gradient at brainly.com/question/910600
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Large predators are found at higher trophic levels because specialized bodies are needed to extract the small energy that gets to them.
The energy that gets to successive trophic levels decreases progressively because much of it is lost as heat. This means that a small percentage of the energy from the producers that form the bases of trophic levels to the predators that are somewhat at the top of trophic levels.
With big body size, the bodies of predators are organized into systems that work together to efficiently extract the small energy that gets to them from immediate lower trophic level.
More on the energy from trophic levels can be found here: brainly.com/question/13375401?
The independent variable is the new plant food
Answer: Cell Membrane, Ribosomes, and Cell wall.
Explanation:
