Answer:
Measuring distances to stars through stellar parallax. Measuring distances to stars through the moving cluster method. Astronomers measure the temperature of a star by looking at the star's color and its spectrum. The apparent brightness of a star tells how bright it seems to us
Explanation:
The difference between short period and long period is based upon the number of elements in each period. Shortest period is the first period which contains elements, while the longest period is the 6th period which contains 32 elements.