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3 years ago

Why bromine is a ring deactivator as it is ortho-Para directing group??

Chemistry

1 answer:

Anettt [7]3 years ago

7 0

Answer:

here you go

Explanation:

Halogens are very electronegative. This means that inductively they are electron withdrawing. However, because of their ability to donate a lone pair of electrons in resonance forms, they are activators and ortho/para directing. Electron withdrawing groups are meta directors and they are deactivators.

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Sonni added 23.79 mL of KOH to 20.00 mL of 0.393 M HF until the equivalence point was reached. What is the concentration of conj

madreJ [45]

Answer:

0.1795 M

Explanation:

From the given information:

The equation is:

$\mathbf{HF_{(aq)}+ KOH_{(aq)} \to KF _{(aq)} + H_2O}$

From the above equation, the reaction will go to completion due to the strong base:

At the equivalence point, moles of acid (HF) will be equal to moles of base (KOH)

$\text{Number of moles = Volume} \times Molarity$

Thus. since moles of HF = moles of KOH

Then; 0.020 × 0.393 M = 0.02379 × (x) M

(x) M = $\dfrac{0.02 \times 0.393 \ M}{0.02379}$

(x) = 0.3304 M

Thus, the molarity of KOH = 0.3304 M

Using the balanced neutralization reaction;

moles of HF = moles of KOH = moles of conjugate base = 0.00786 mol

∴

Volume = 0.020 L + 0.02379 L

Volume = 0.04379 L

Volume of the solution = 0.04379 L

Therefore; Molarity = $\dfrac{moles}{volume}$

Molarity = $\dfrac{0.00786 \ mol}{0.04379 \ L}$

Molarity = 0.17949 mol/L

= 0.1795 M

7 0

3 years ago

A 1-liter solution contains 0.494 M hydrofluoric acid and 0.371 M potassium fluoride. Addition of 0.408 moles of hydrochloric ac

UkoKoshka [18]

Answer:

Option f: an addition of HCl will exceed the buffer capacity. The option d is also correct since it is a consequence of the option f.

Explanation:

The pH of the buffer solution before the addition of HCl is:

$pH = pKa + log(\frac{[KF]}{[HF]})$

$pH = -log(6.8 \cdot 10^{-4}) + log(\frac{0.371}{0.494}) = 3.04$

The hydrochloric acid added will react with the potassium fluoride as follows:

H₃O⁺(aq) + F⁻(aq) ⇄ HF(aq) + H₂O(l)

The number of moles (η) of potassium fluoride (KF) and the HF before the addition of HCl is:

$\eta_{KF}_{i} = C_{KF}*V = 0.371 M*1 L = 0.371 mol$

$\eta_{HF}_{i} = C_{HF}*V = 0.494 M*1 L = 0.494 moles$

The number of moles of the HCl added is 0.408 moles. Since the number of moles of HCl is bigger thant the number of moles of KF, the moles of HCl that remains after the reaction is:

$\eta_{HCl} = \eta_{HCl} - \eta_{KF}_{i} = 0.408 moles - 0.371 moles = 0.037 moles$

Hence, the KF is totally consumed after the reaction with HCl and thus, exceding the buffer capacity.

We can calculate the pH after the addition of HCl:

HF(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄ F⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq) (1)

The number of moles of HF after the reaction of KF with HCl is:

$\eta_{HF} = 0.494 moles + (0.408 moles - 0.371 moles) = 0.531 moles$

And the concentration of HF after the reaction of KF with HCl is is:

$C_{HF} = \frac{\eta_{HF}}{V} = \frac{0.531 moles}{1 L} = 0.531 moles/L$

Now, from the equilibrium of equation (1) we have:

$Ka = \frac{[H_{3}O^{+}][F^{-}]}{[HF]}$

$Ka = \frac{x^{2}}{0.531 - x}$ (2)

By solving equation (2) for x we have:

x = 0.0187

Finally, the pH after the addition of HCl is:

$pH = -log (H_{3}O^{+}) = -log (0.0187) = 1.73$

Therefore, the addition of HCl will exceed the buffer capacity and thus, lower the pH by several units. The correct option is f: an addition of HCl will exceed the buffer capacity. The option d is also correct since it is a consequence of the option f.

I hope it helps you!

8 0

4 years ago

Draw all resonance structures for the nitryl fluoride molecule, no2f.

denis-greek [22]

From electronic configuration valence electron of Nitrogen is 5, oxygen 6x2 which 12 since it involve two molecules , that of is frulorine is 7, and that No2F is 24 which is gotten form adding (5,12,7 ).All resonance structure are as follows
F
.. I ..
: O : N :O:

..
OR : F:
I

N .. : F:

/ \ or I

.. .. N

:O :        :O:    / /    \\
    / /    \\
     :O : : O:

7 0

4 years ago

if 2.4l of chlorine at 400 mm hg are compressed to 725 mm hg at a constant temperature. what is the new volume?

Ksivusya [100]

Answer: 1.324L

Explanation: use Boyles law, sorry so late!

3 0

3 years ago

Which statement explains why carbon dioxide (CO2) is a gas at room temperature? A. There are constant interactions between the C

Nezavi [6.7K]

Answer:

B) There are weak interactions between the CO2 molecules.

Explanation:

Carbon dioxide is composed of one carbon atom that is structured between two atoms of oxygen, they are bonded with double bond and the CO2 is symmetrical because of the arrangement of the bond between them.It is less electronegative than Oxgen, this gives Oxgen the ability to attract the electron to themselves, and there is no intermolecular existing within carbon dioxide other bands waal forces.Compounds that are gases under the condition of room temperatures, and pressure usually have have small molecules. and their molecules is usually have van der Waals forces acting between them and theses forces are weak.This allows carbon dioxide molecules to be able to move freely as a gas.

6 0

4 years ago