Newton’s 2nd law states that Force is equal to
the product of mass (m) and acceleration (a):
F = m a --->
1
While in magnetic forces, force can also be expressed as:
F = q v B --->
2
where,
q = total charge
v = velocity = 45 cm / s = 0.45 m / s
B = the magnetic field = 85 T
First we solve for the total charge, q:
q = 3.8 × 10^-23 g (1 mol / 23 g) (6.022 × 10^23 electrons / mol) (1.602 ×
10^-19 C / electron)
q = 1.594 × 10^-19 C
We equate equations 1 and 2 then solve for acceleration a:
m a = q v B
a = q v B / m
a = [1.594 × 10^-19 C * 0.45 m / s * 85 T] / 3.8 × 10-26 kg
a = 160,437,862.2 m/s^2
Therefore the maximum acceleration of Na ions is about 160 × 10^6 m/s^2.
The Nucleus contains Protons and Neutrons.
The Neutrons does not have a charge.
The Protons are positively charge.
Hence the charge on the Nucleus, would be the charge of the proton, which is positive.
Hence Nucleus is Positively Charged.
One of the concepts to be used to solve this problem is that of thermal efficiency, that is, that coefficient or dimensionless ratio calculated as the ratio of the energy produced and the energy supplied to the machine.
From the temperature the value is given as

Where,
T_L = Cold focus temperature
T_H = Hot spot temperature
Our values are given as,
T_L = 20\° C = (20+273) K = 293 K
T_H = 440\° C = (440+273) K = 713 K
Replacing we have,



Therefore the maximum possible efficiency the car can have is 58.9%