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Allushta [10]
2 years ago
11

Express 2/16 in thirty-seconds

Engineering
1 answer:
mafiozo [28]2 years ago
3 0

Answer:

\frac{2}{16}  = \frac{4}{32} in thirty seconds.

Explanation:

one thirty second is one part out of 32 equal section . It is used to describe amounts accurately.

\frac{2}{16} can be easily expressed as \frac{4}{32}

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Which of the following is NOT true about hydraulic systems?
Dmitry [639]

Answer: The answer is D

D.In hydraulic systems, the operating temperatures must be kept between 170�F and 180°F 

Explanation:

The operating temperature for hydraulic systems is 140°F and below. Anything above this temperature is too high and will reduce the useful life of hydraulic fluid.

Most often problems associated with hydraulic systems are caused by fluid contaminated with particulate matter.

7 0
3 years ago
Before you disconnect the service battery from the discharged battery, it is good practice to place a load across the
Lilit [14]

Answer:

it is true i just did this test

Explanation:

6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
A glass plate is subjected to a tensile stress of 40 MPa. If the specific surface energy is 0.3 J/m2 and the modulus of elastici
Pavlova-9 [17]

Answer:

8.24μm

Explanation:

The theory of brittle fracture was used to solve this problem.

And if you follow through with the attachment made a the subject of the formula

Such that,

a = 2x(69x10⁹)x0.3/pi(40x10⁶)²

= 4.14x10¹⁰/5.024x10¹⁵

= 8.24x10^-06

= 8.24μm

This is the the maximum length of the surface flaw

4 0
3 years ago
Using the characteristics equation, determine the dynamic behavior of a PI controller with τI = 4 applied to a second order proc
Sladkaya [172]

Answer:

The values of Kc that render this closed-loop process unstable are in the interval

(Kc < 0)

Explanation:

The transfer function of a PI controller is given as

Gc = Kc {1 + (1/sτI)}

τI = 4

Gc = Kc {1 + (1/4s)}

Gc = Kc {(4s+1)/(4s)}

Divide numerator and denominator by 4

Gc = Kc {(s+0.25)/(s)}

For a second order process, the general transfer function is given by

Gp = Kp {1/(τn²s² + 2ζτns + 1)}

Kp = 2, τn = 5 and ζ = 1.5

Gp = 2/(25s² + 15s + 1)

Divide numerator and denominator by 25

Gp = 0.08/(s² + 0.6s + 0.04)

Ga = 1

Gs = 1

We need to find the value(s) of Kc that makes the closed loop transfer function unstable. Gp*Ga*Gc*Gs + 1 = 0

The closed loop transfer function is unstable when the solution(s) of the characteristic equation obtained is positive.

Gp*Ga*Gc*Gs + 1 = 0

Becomes

[0.08/(s² + 0.6s + 0.04)] × [Kc (s+0.25)/(s)] + 1 = 0

[0.08Kc (s + 0.25)/(s³ + 0.6s² + 0.04s)] = - 1

0.08Kc (s + 0.25) = -s³ - 0.6s² - 0.04s

0.08Kc s + 0.02Kc = -s³ - 0.6s² - 0.04s

s³ + 0.6s² + 0.04s + 0.08Kc s + 0.02Kc = 0

s³ + 0.6s² + (0.08Kc + 0.04)s + 0.02Kc = 0

We will use the direct substitution method to evaluate the values of Kc that matter. The values of Kc at the turning points of the closed loop transfer function.

For the substitution,

We put s = jw into the equation. (frequency analysis)

Note that j = √(-1)

s³ + 0.6s² + (0.08Kc + 0.04)s + 0.02Kc = 0

(jw)³ + 0.6(jw)² + (0.08Kc + 0.04)(jw) + 0.02Kc = 0

-jw³ - 0.6w² + (0.08Kc + 0.04)(jw) + 0.02Kc = 0

we then collect terms with j and terms without.

(0.08Kcw + 0.04w - w³)j + (0.02Kc - 0.6w²) = 0

Meaning,

0.08Kcw + 0.04w - w³ = 0 (eqn 1)

0.02Kc - 0.6w² = 0 (eqn 2)

0.02 Kc = 0.6 w²

Kc = 15w²

Substituting this into eqn 1

0.08Kcw + 0.04w - w³ = 0

Kc = 15w²

0.08(15w²)w + 0.04w - w³ = 0

1.2w³ + 0.04w - w³ = 0

0.2w³ + 0.04w = 0

w = 0 or 0.2w² + 0.04 = 0

0.2w² = -0.04

w² = -0.2

w = ± √(-0.2)

w = ± 0.4472j or w = 0

Recall, Kc = 15w² = 15(-0.2) = -3 or Kc = 0

The turning points for the curve of the closed loop transfer function occur when

Kc = 0 or Kc = -3

To investigate, we pick values around these turning points to investigate the behaviour of the closed loop transfer function at those points.

Kc < -3, Kc = -3, (-3 < Kc < 0), Kc = 0 and Kc > 0

Note that, one positive characteristic root or pole is enough to make the system unstable.

We pick a value for Kc in that interval and evaluate the closed loop transfer function.

s³ + 0.6s² + (0.08Kc + 0.04)s + 0.02Kc = 0

- First of, let Kc = - 4 (Kc < -3)

s³ + 0.6s² - 0.28s - 0.08 = 0

Solving the polynomial

s = (-0.22002), 0.44223, (-0.82221)

One positive pole means the closed loop transfer function is unstable in this region

Let Kc = -3

s³ + 0.6s² - 0.20s - 0.06 = 0

s = 0.37183, (-0.21251) or (-0.75933)

One positive pole still means that the closed loop transfer function is still unstable.

Then the next interval

Let Kc = -1

s³ + 0.6s² - 0.04s - 0.02 = 0

Solving this polynomial,

s = 0.18686, (-0.1749) or (-0.61196)

The function is unstable in the region being investigated.

Let Kc = 0

s³ + 0.6s² + 0.04s = 0

s = 0, -0.0769, -0.5236

One zero, all negative roots, indicate that the closed loop transfer function is marginally stable at this point.

Let Kc = 1, Kc > 0

s³ + 0.6s² + 0.12s + 0.02 = 0

s = (-0.42894), (-0.08553 + 0.1983j) or (-0.08553 - 0.1983j)

All the real negative parts of the poles are all negative, this indicates stability.

Hence, after examining the turning points of the closed loop transfer function, it is evident that, the region's of Kc where the closed loop transfer function is unstable is (Kc < 0)

Hope this Helps!!!

8 0
3 years ago
Chemical engineering got is unofficial start around the time of the __________ __________ ________.
Gre4nikov [31]

Answer:

Option A,  World War II

Explanation:

During the period of industrial revolution around 1915-25, the chemical engineering has taken a new shape. During this period (i.e around the world war I), there was rise in demand for  liquid fuels, synthetic fertilizer, and other chemical products. This lead to development of chemistry centre in Germany . There was rise in use of synthetics fibres and polymers. World war II saw the growth of catalytic cracking, fluidized beds, synthetic rubber, pharmaceuticals production, oil & oil products, etc. and because of rising chemical demand, chemical engineering took a new shape during this period

Hence, option A is the right answer

4 0
2 years ago
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