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2 years ago

Short note on Gabriel synthesis

Chemistry

1 answer:

rjkz [21]2 years ago

7 0

Explanation:

The Gabriel synthesis is a chemical reaction that transforms primary alkyl halides into primary amines. Traditionally, the reaction uses potassium phthalimide. ... The alkylation of ammonia is often an unselective and inefficient route to amines. In the Gabriel method, phthalimide anion is employed as a surrogate of H2N−.

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The symbol for the hydroxide ion is _____. H + H 3 O - H(OH) OH -

dimulka [17.4K]

The symbol for the hydroxide ion is OH-

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2 years ago

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CdF2(s)⇄Cd2+(aq)+2F−(aq)A saturated aqueous solution of CdF2 is prepared. The equilibrium in the solution is represented above.

kupik [55]

Answer:

The correct answer is option a.

Explanation:

$CdF_2(s)\rightleftharpoons Cd^{2+}(aq)+2F^-(aq)$

Equilibrium concentration cadmium ions = $[Cd^{2+}]=0.0585 M$

Equilibrium concentration fluoride ions = $[F^{-}]=0.117 M$

Molar solubility is the maximum concentration of salt present in water in ionic form beyond that no more salt will exist in its ionic form and will settle down in bottom of the solution.

The molar solubility of the solid cadmium fluoride = 0.0585 M

$CdF_2(s)\rightleftharpoons Cd^{2+}(aq)+2F^-(aq)$ ..[1]

$NaF(s)\rightleftharpoons Na^{+}(aq)+F^-(aq)$

Due to addition of sodium fluoride will increase concentration of fluoride in the solution.And due to common ion effect the equilibrium will shift in backward direction in [1], that is precipitation of more cadmium fluoride.

Hence, decrease in solubility will be observed.

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2 years ago

If the caterpillar keeps moving at the same speed, how long will it take to travel 6cm?

Solnce55 [7]

It will take 15 s to travel 6 cm

<h3>Further explanation</h3>

Given

distance versus time graph

Required

time travel

Solution

Caterpillar motion is a straight motion with a constant speed, so that the graph between distance and time forms a diagonal line

If we look at the graph, we can determine the time taken when the distance reaches 6 cm (y axis) by drawing a line to the diagonal line and cutting the x-axis as time, and we get 15 s

Or we can also use the formula for motion at constant speed:

d = v x t

With v at point 2,5 of 2/5 m / s, so the time taken:

$\tt t=\dfrac{d}{v}=\dfrac{6}{2/5}=15~s$

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2 years ago

What is an internal cost of driving a domestic car?

Nataly_w [17]

Answer:

The correct option is: Cost of materials used in manufacture

Explanation:

There are two types of costs of an object: the internal costs and the external costs.

The internal cost of an object is the direct monetized cost. It refers to the cost involved in the <u>production or manufacturing of a given objec</u>t. Example: labor, <u>material required</u>, equipment, energy, and overhead expenses.

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2 years ago

What is the electron shielding effect? What is the trend for it? How and why does it happen?

andriy [413]

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

In an atom, the inner electrons may shield the outer electrons from the attractive force of the nucleus. We, refer to this phenomenon as the <u><em>shielding effect</em></u>, It is defined as a decrease in the magnitude of attraction between an electron and the nucleus of an atom having more than one electron shell (energy level).

Shielding effect increases down the group due to addition of more shells but decreases across the period due to the increase in the size of the nuclear charge.

As the magnitude of shielding increases down the group, ionization of electrons becomes easier and the first ionization energies of elements decreases as we move down the group. Since shielding effect decreases across the period, the first ionization energies of elements increases across the period.

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2 years ago

Short note on Gabriel synthesis​

Short note on Gabriel synthesis