Friction losses in pipes can be reduced by decreasing the length of the pipes, reducing the surface roughness of the pipes, and increasing the pipe diameter. Thus, options (c),(e), and (f) hold correct answers.
Friction loss is a measure of the amount of energy a piping system loses because flowing fluids meet resistance. As fluids flow through the pipes, they carry energy with them. Unfortunately, whenever there is resistance to the flow rate, it diverts fluids, and energy escapes. These opposing forces result in friction loss in pipes.
Friction loss in pipes can decrease the efficiency of the functions of pipes. These are a few ways by which friction loss in pipes can be reduced and the efficiency of the piping system can be boosted:
- <u><em>Decrease the length of the pipes</em></u>: By decreasing pipe lengths and avoiding the use of sharp turns, fittings, and tees, whenever possible result in a more natural path for fluids to flow.
- <u><em>Reduce the surface roughness of the pipes</em></u>: By reducing the interior surface roughness of pipes, a smooth and clearer path is provided for liquids to flow.
- <u><em>Increase the pipe diameter: </em></u>By widening the diameters of pipes, it is ensured that fluids squeeze through pipes easily.
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Answer:
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Explanation:
Answer:
(b)False
Explanation:
defined as
=
Where x is the distance from centroidal x-axis
y is the distance from centroidal y-axis
dA is the elemental area.
The product of x and y can be positive or negative ,so the value of can be positive as well as negative .
So from the above expressions we can say that the product of 
is different from .
