<span>This is a covalent bond, a bond in which atoms share electrons. Covalent bonding generally happens between nonmetals. Covalent bonding is the type of bond that holds together the atoms within a polyatomic ion. It takes two electrons to make a covalent bond, one from each bonding atom.
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Combustion can be defined as the reaction of a compound with oxygen. The enthalpy of combustion of octane is 
for 
.
<h3>What is the enthalpy of reaction?</h3>
The enthalpy of reaction is the amount of heat energy absorbed or lost by the molecules in the chemical reaction.
The enthalpy of combustion is the amount of heat energy released by the compound in the reaction with oxygen.
The reaction in which heat is liberated with the reaction of a compound with oxygen has an enthalpy of combustion, equivalent to the enthalpy of reaction.
The combustion of octane can be given as:
Thus, the reaction has combustion energy equivalent to the enthalpy of the reaction is . Thus, option B is correct.
Learn more about enthalpy of reaction, here:
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<span>Based on the experience of the responder, to correctly calculate measurements in real-world. Firstly is to avoid errors as much as possible. Errors are what makes your measurement invalid and unreliable. There are two types of error which is called the systematic error and the random error. Each error has different sources. Words that were mentioned –invalid and unreliable are very important key aspects to determine that your measure is truly accurate and consistent. Some would recommend using the mean method, doing three trials in measuring and getting their mean, in response to this problem.</span>
Answer:
C. Lose three electrons to have a full outer shell
Explanation:
Al is in Group 13 of the Periodic Table, so it has three valence electrons.
It must either lose three electrons or gain five to achieve a stable octet.
It is easier to lose three electrons than it is to gain five, so Al loses three electrons.
D. is wrong, for the same reason.
A. is wrong. If Al lost three electrons, it would be breaking into a stable inner shell.
C. is wrong. Al is a metal, so it will lose electrons in a reaction.
