Answer:
<em>a. </em>The buffering range is between 2.74 and 4.74.
<em>b.</em> The ratio of the formate to the formic acid is 10.23.
Explanation:
<em>a.</em> For every buffer solution, the optimal effective range is pH = pKa ± 1. Outside this range, the buffer does not work properly.
For the formic acid, the pKa is 3.74, thus the optimal range is between 2.74 and 4.74.
<em>b. </em>The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is a chemical expression used to calculate the pH of a buffer knowing the ratio of the acid to base, or to calculate the ratio knowing the pH. The expression is:
where [A^{-}] is the concentration of the conjugate base and [HA] is the concentration of the acid.
For a formic acid/potassium formate solution that has a pH of 4.75 and pka of 3.74:
Answer:
francium
Explanation:
the atomic radius increases from top to bottom in a group, and decreases from left to right across a period.
Answer:
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Answer:
Generally, we know that ionic compounds are formed by reaction of metals and non metals and non metals form a covalent or non ionic bonds.
<u>IONIC COMPOUDS</u>
- Iron and chlorine (FeCl2) , ( FeCl3)
- Chlorine and Lithium (LiCl)
- oxygen and calcium ( CaO)
- Potassium and Sulphur ( K2S)
<u>NON IONIC COMPOUNDS</u>
- Potassium and Calcium (covalent bond)
- Sulphur and Bromine (covalent bond)
Explanation:
Answer:
Argon and Carbon dioxide
Explanation:
Although both nitrogen and oxygen are essential to human life on the planet, they have little effect on weather and other atmospheric processes. The variable components, which make up far less than 1 percent of the atmosphere, have a much greater influence on both short-term weather and long-term climate. For example, variations in water vapor in the atmosphere are familiar to us as relative humidity. Water vapor, CO2, CH4, N2O, and SO2 all have an important property: They absorb heat emitted by Earth and thus warm the atmosphere, creating what we call the "greenhouse effect."
In addition to gases, the atmosphere also contains particulate matter such as dust, volcanic ash, rain, and snow. These are, of course, highly variable and are generally less persistent than gas concentrations, but they can sometimes remain in the atmosphere for relatively long periods of time.