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suter [353]
2 years ago
6

A simulation at the nuclear level has nuclei with 20 protons and 100 neutrons. Alpha particles can get very close to the nuclei.

Chemistry
1 answer:
SIZIF [17.4K]2 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Protons repel the particles while neutrons do now

Explanation:

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(a) (1)
Elis [28]

Explanation:

The ionization energy of an atom is the amount of energy that is required to remove an electron from a mole of atoms in the gas phase:

M(g)  ®  M+(g)  +  e-

It is possible to remove more electrons from most elements, so this quantity is more precisely known as the first ionization energy, the energy to go from neutral atoms to cations with a 1+ charge.  The second ionization energy is the energy that is required to remove a second electron, to form 2+ cations from 1+ cations:

M+(g)  ®  M2+(g)  +  e-

The third ionization energy is the energy required to form 3+ cations:

M2+(g)  ®  M3+(g)  +  e-

and so on.  Ionization energies are always positive numbers, because energy must be supplied (an endothermic energy change) to separate electrons from atoms.  The second ionization energy is always larger than the first ionization energy, because it requires even more energy to remove an electron from a cation than it is from a neutral atom.

The first ionization energy varies in a predictable way across the periodic table.  The ionization energy decreases from top to bottom in groups, and increases from left to right across a period.  Thus, helium has the largest first ionization energy, while francium has one of the lowest.

From top to bottom in a group, orbitals corresponding to higher values of the principal quantum number (n) are being added, which are on average further away from the nucleus.  Since the outermost electrons are further away, they are less strongly attracted by the nucleus, and are easier to remove, corresponding to a lower value for the first ionization energy.From left to right across a period, more protons are being added to the nucleus, but the number of electrons in the inner, lower-energy shells remains the same.  The valence electrons feel a higher effective nuclear charge — the sum of the charges on the protons in the nucleus and the charges on the inner, core electrons.  The valence electrons are therefore held more tightly, the atom decreases in size (see atomic radius), and it becomes increasingly difficult to remove them, corresponding to a higher value for the first ionization energy.

 

The following charts illustrate the general trends in the first ionization energy:

Dunno kung tama beng pero trysorry kung mali

8 0
3 years ago
How many moles of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) are needed to react completely with 6.8 moles of lithium hydroxide (LiOH)? (4 points) 2L
Keith_Richards [23]

Answer:

3.4 mol H2SO4

Explanation:

Took the test

3 0
3 years ago
According to the cooling curve, what is the approximate freezing point of the substance?
Dmitry_Shevchenko [17]

Correct answer: B

Cooling curve is the plot of temperature versus time as the sample is allowed to cool. In a cooling curve, we start at a temperature greater than the boiling point. At this temperature, the sample is in gaseous state. At the boiling point, there is no change in temperature as the gaseous and liquid states are in equilibrium. As the temperature reduces further, the liquid starts to condense and at the melting point of the sample the liquid undergoes phase transition to solid state. At the melting temperature, a second plateau is observed as the temperature remains unchanged. At temperatures below the melting point, the sample exists as a solid.

So from the curve, the second plateau is observed at around -111^{0}C. This point represents the phase transition from liquid to solid state.

6 0
3 years ago
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At this lower concentration, about how many extra hydrogen bonds would be needed to hold a and b together tightly enough to form
Scrat [10]

2..............................................

8 0
3 years ago
What is the meaning of the word organism
Lady_Fox [76]

Answer:

B) any complex thing with properties normally associated with living things

5 0
3 years ago
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