Each of these ODEs is linear and homogeneous with constant coefficients, so we only need to find the roots to their respective characteristic equations.
(a) The characteristic equation for
is
which arises from the ansatz 
.
The characteristic roots are 
and 
. Then the general solution is
where 
are arbitrary constants.
(b) The characteristic equation here is
with a root at 
of multiplicity 2. Then the general solution is
(c) The characteristic equation is
with roots at 
, where 
. Then the general solution is
Recall Euler's identity,
Then we can rewrite the solution as
or even more simply as
Gum disease. Hope that helps
Answer: B. behavior, consequence
Explanation:
Operant conditioning is simply refered to as a learning method whereby for a behavior that is done by an individual, there is a rewards and punishments for behavior.
In operant conditioning, the concept of contingency is exemplified by an "if A, then B" relationship in which A and B, respectively, represent behavior, and consequence.
It would be a Liberal Arts College. That is generally a four year university, instead of a two year program.
I believe the answer is d.
