A variation of the acetamidomalonate synthesis can be used to synthesize threonine. The process involves the following steps: Et
hoxide ion deprotonates diethyl acetamidomalonate, forming enolate anion 1; Enolate anion 1 makes a nucleophilic attack on acetaldehyde, forming tetrahedral intermediate 2; Protonation of the oxyanion forms alcohol 3; Acid hydrolysis yields dicarboxyamino alcohol 4; Decarboxylation leads to the final amino acid. Write out the mechanism on a separate sheet of paper, and then draw the structure of tetrahedral intermediate 2.
For this reaction, we have the production of a carbanion as the first step. The base "ethoxide" can remove a hydrogen-producing a negative charge in the carbon (<u>enolate anion 1</u>). Then this negative charge can attack the carbon of the carbonyl group in the molecule acetaldehyde and the <u>tetrahedral intermediate 2</u> is form. In the next step, we have the protonation of the oxygen to produce <u>alcohol 3</u>. A continuation we have the hydrolysis of the ester groups to produce the <u>Dicarboxyamino alcohol</u> and finally, we have a decarboxylation reaction we will produce the amino acid <u>Threonine</u>.
This isn't chemistry. Its physics. Kinetic energy (water) to electric energy (dam) as the hydroelectric dam works. Then, as the current travels from the plant to your crib, electric energy to heat energy (wire resistance). Then when you are using the dryer electric energy to heat energy (hot air) and sound energy (air particles vibrate due to the heat energy).