Explanation:
Extrusive rocks may have a few grains that are large enough to see, but most of them will be too small to see individual minerals. ... The individual mineral grains are almost too small to see. Some extrusive rocks cool so quickly that they do not form any grains. Instead, they form a natural glass.
Answer:
E = ρ ( R1²) / 2 ∈o R
Explanation:
Given data
two cylinders are parallel
distance = d
radial distance = R
d < (R2−R1)
to find out
Express answer in terms of the variables ρE, R1, R2, R3, d, R, and constants
solution
we have two parallel cylinders
so area is 2
R × l
and we apply here gauss law that is
EA = Q(enclosed) / ∈o ......1
so first we find Q(enclosed) = ρ Volume
Q(enclosed) = ρ (
R1² × l )
so put all value in equation 1
we get
EA = Q(enclosed) / ∈o
E(2
R × l) = ρ (
R1² × l ) / ∈o
so
E = ρ ( R1²) / 2 ∈o R
When geophysicists measure the geothermal gradient in areas on the ridges where there is no activity hydrothermally, the gradient is far below than what is predicted theoretically, but when measured near hydrothermal vents it is more than what is predicted. This is because most of the heat is being carried through convection by hydrothermal systems so that the average gradient when measured far from the circulation would be depressed or lower.
Answer:
+1/3
Explanation:
The lens equation states that:

where
f is the focal length
p is the distance of the object from the lens
q is the distance of the image from the lens
For a diverging lens, the focal length is negative: 
and we also know that the object is placed a distance of twice the focal length, so 
So we can find q from the equation above

And the magnification of the image is given by
