Neptune: its the 8th planet and since Pluto isn't a planet anymore Neptune is the farthest planet from the sun with a distance of around 2.8 billion miles (4.5 billion km) or (30.07 AU)
Sandblasted: More smooth because all the rough edges are "blasted" away. And slightly smaller because of the loss of the edges.
Non-Sandblasted: Not smooth; rough.
The answer is 4.0 moles of magnesium
because...
..
...4.0mol Makmol O2 =3.0mol O2
Avogadro's number tells you that in one mol of element (sulfur) there are 6.022x10^23 atoms...
So,
1 mol : 6.022x10^23 = x mol : 1.2x10^2
x = 1.99 x 10^-22 mol
*Although this should be correct, you might want to check your question again. You probably misinterpret the question... you want 1.2x10^23 !! :) check it.
The only cause we know of that could shift the spectrum of a source toward longer wavelengths isthe source moving away from us. That's how we interpret the red shift when we see it, and that's where the whole idea of the expanding universe comes from. But ... just like gravity and the Earth going around the sun ... it can't be proved, so it's "only a theory".