The heat energy transferred by the iron nail is 4680 J
Explanation:
The thermal energy transferred by a substance to another substance is given by the equation

where
m is the mass of the substance
C is its specific heat capacity
is its change in temperature
For the iron nail in this problem, we have:
m = 16 g


So, the amount of heat energy given off by the nail is

where the negative sign indicates that the heat is given off.
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Answer:

Explanation:
Given:
dimension of uniform plate, 
mass of plate, 
Now we find the moment of inertia about the center of mass of the rectangular plate is given as:

where:
length of the plate
breadth of the plate


We know that the center of mass of the rectangular plane is at its geometric center which is parallel to the desired axis XX' .
Now we find the distance between the center of mass and the corner:


Now using parallel axis theorem:



Attenuation is the correct answer.
Given the temperature, we can tell if the substance is cold or not relative to the reference temperature. For example, compared to the substance having a temperature of 15 degrees C, the substance is colder and it is hotter from the substance of temperature lesser than 12 degrees C.
Explanation:
Formula for maximum efficiency of a Carnot refrigerator is as follows.
..... (1)
And, formula for maximum efficiency of Carnot refrigerator is as follows.
...... (2)
Now, equating both equations (1) and (2) as follows.
=

= 
= 
= 2.5
Thus, we can conclude that the ratio of heat extracted by the refrigerator ("cooling load") to the heat delivered to the engine ("heating load") is 2.5.