1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
artcher [175]
3 years ago
9

(a) (1)

Chemistry
1 answer:
Elis [28]3 years ago
8 0

Explanation:

The ionization energy of an atom is the amount of energy that is required to remove an electron from a mole of atoms in the gas phase:

M(g)  ®  M+(g)  +  e-

It is possible to remove more electrons from most elements, so this quantity is more precisely known as the first ionization energy, the energy to go from neutral atoms to cations with a 1+ charge.  The second ionization energy is the energy that is required to remove a second electron, to form 2+ cations from 1+ cations:

M+(g)  ®  M2+(g)  +  e-

The third ionization energy is the energy required to form 3+ cations:

M2+(g)  ®  M3+(g)  +  e-

and so on.  Ionization energies are always positive numbers, because energy must be supplied (an endothermic energy change) to separate electrons from atoms.  The second ionization energy is always larger than the first ionization energy, because it requires even more energy to remove an electron from a cation than it is from a neutral atom.

The first ionization energy varies in a predictable way across the periodic table.  The ionization energy decreases from top to bottom in groups, and increases from left to right across a period.  Thus, helium has the largest first ionization energy, while francium has one of the lowest.

From top to bottom in a group, orbitals corresponding to higher values of the principal quantum number (n) are being added, which are on average further away from the nucleus.  Since the outermost electrons are further away, they are less strongly attracted by the nucleus, and are easier to remove, corresponding to a lower value for the first ionization energy.From left to right across a period, more protons are being added to the nucleus, but the number of electrons in the inner, lower-energy shells remains the same.  The valence electrons feel a higher effective nuclear charge — the sum of the charges on the protons in the nucleus and the charges on the inner, core electrons.  The valence electrons are therefore held more tightly, the atom decreases in size (see atomic radius), and it becomes increasingly difficult to remove them, corresponding to a higher value for the first ionization energy.

 

The following charts illustrate the general trends in the first ionization energy:

Dunno kung tama beng pero trysorry kung mali

You might be interested in
Which two things cause the orbits of the planets to be the nearby circular
GalinKa [24]

Answer:Gravity and inertia

5 0
3 years ago
The compound consists of 40.1% carbon, 6.6% hydrogen and 53.3% oxygen. Its relative density with respect to hydrogen is -15. Wha
kap26 [50]

Answer:

https://socratic.org/answers/220339

this is the answer , my grandpa create this page

Explanation:

3 0
3 years ago
Something that dissolves in liquid <br><br>solven<br> solute<br> solution ​
Feliz [49]

Answer: solute

Explanation:

6 0
3 years ago
How many truck stop by the store on Wednesday
siniylev [52]

Answer:

More information so I can answer please.

Explanation:

7 0
2 years ago
Why cant magnesium ions be detected in a flam test?
Dmitry [639]
When magnesium ion doesn't give any characteristics colour with the flame test as electronic transisitons do not give out visible light.
6 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • One way to measure temperature in some applications is to monitor the gas pressure in a rigid, closed container. What is the tem
    6·1 answer
  • Tracie measured 87.47 mg of cholesterol in 0.03 mL of blood. What is the density of this mixture in g/mL?
    5·1 answer
  • The resulting atomic number of an element that emits 1 alpha particle, 1 positron, and 3 beta particles is
    7·1 answer
  • Which statement is true about oxygen, sulfur, and selenium pls help :’)
    8·1 answer
  • I WILL GIVE THE BRAINLIEST
    11·1 answer
  • Can rocks include organic materials, but minerals cannot true or false
    5·1 answer
  • What is the angle between the carbon-sulfur bonds in the carbon disulfide ( cs2 ) molecule?
    9·1 answer
  • how many moles of water will be produced from the complete combustion of 24.6 moles of ethane according to the following reactio
    7·1 answer
  • How do chemicals affect the environment
    14·2 answers
  • How do different stimuli affect the survival behavior of an organism?
    14·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!