Answer:
population - community - ecosystem - biosphere
Explanation:
<em>The correctly sorted level of organization of an ecosystem from the least inclusive to the most inclusive would be from population to community to ecosystem and finally to biosphere.</em>
A population consists of a group of organism of the same species living in a particular area at a particular time and capable of interbreeding to produce fertile progeny.
A community represents different population of organisms that are interacting with one another. Several populations make up a community.
An ecosystem consists of different communities of organisms that are interacting with themselves and the non living component of the environment.
A biosphere consists of all regions of the earth where living organisms can be found. It consists of different ecosystems that make up the earth.
<u>Hence, the population is least inclusive, followed by the community, then the ecosystem and finally the biosphere.</u>
Living things has emerged into three domains called Archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Evident that support the idea that multi cellular that is eukaryotic cell evolved from the prokaryotic cell are the descendents of the separate prokaryotic cells that together form a union which are inter dependent.
For example: The mitochondria which is referred to the energy source of the cell is considered as the great-great-great-granddaughter of a bacterium cell which is free living. This free living bacterium bacterial cell was consumed by an other cell and this remained as the stable guest in the cell. This mitochondria provided chemical energy to the cell and also protected the nutrient rich environment. which surrounds it. This process of one organism residing in the other organism completely is called endosymbiosis.
<h2>
Vascular and Nonvascular Plants </h2>
Explanation:
Kingdom Plantae on the basis of vasculature is divided into two groups-vascular and non-vascular plants
.
- <u>Vascular plants </u>or tracheophytes have a proper tissue-level organization and true shoot and root structures like leaves, stem, flowers, root etc
- The tissue system or vasculature of vascular plants compromises of vascular tissues like tubular vessels – xylem and phloem
- The xylem transports nutrients to various parts of the body from the leaves.
- Phloem conducts water and other nutrients from the roots to various parts of the plant
.
- These are flowering plants that include the phanerogams – angiosperms and gymnosperms and bears flowers and fruits like the cedars, pine, clubmosses, lilies, sunflower etc.
- Dicots are with tubular vasculature.
- Non-vascular plants or bryophytes with an absence of proper tissue-level organization and true shoot or root systems
- <u>Nonvascular plants</u> are small. Their transport mechanism is poor due to lack of vascular tissues
- These plants are lack proper shoot or root system.
- It includes mosses, hornworts etc.
- Monocots are plants with scattered tube-like vessels
.
Answer:
Power stroke (myosin head bends) coupled with the release of ADP and phosphate
Explanation:
Muscle contraction results from myosin heads adhering to actin and attracting it inwards. It uses ATP. Myosin adhers to actin at a binding site of its globular actin protein and adheres at another binding site for ATP (hydrolyzed ATP to ADP, Pi and energy)
ATP binding prompts myosin to detach from actin, ATP is changed to ADP and inorganic phosphate, Pi by ATPase. The energy formed at this process orientates myosin head to a “cocked” direction.
The myosin head goes in the direction of the M line, holding the actin with it in the process causing the filaments to orientate nearly 10 nm in the direction of the M line--- power stroke (force is produced), the sarcomere reduces in length and the muscle contracts.
Note: The power stroke is seen when ADP and phosphate disattaches itself from the myosin head.
At the terminal point of the power stroke, the myosin head as low-energy, followed by ADP release.
The attached image shows the cross-bridge muscle contraction cycle, which is activated by Ca2+ sticking to the actin active site. And how actin moves in relation to myosin.
