Explanation: Fireflies produce a chemical reaction inside their bodies that allows them to light up. This type of light production is called bioluminescence. The method by which fireflies produce light is perhaps the best known example of bioluminescence. When oxygen combines with calcium, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the chemical luciferin in the presence of luciferase, a bioluminescent enzyme, light is produced. Unlike a light bulb, which produces a lot of heat in addition to light, a firefly's light is "cold light" without a lot of energy being lost as heat. This is necessary because if a firefly's light-producing organ got as hot as a light bulb, the firefly would not survive the experience.
A firefly controls the beginning and end of the chemical reaction, and thus the start and stop of its light emission, by adding oxygen to the other chemicals needed to produce light. This happens in the insect's light organ. When oxygen is available, the light organ lights up, and when it is not available, the light goes out. Insects do not have lungs, but instead transport oxygen from outside the body to the interior cells within through a complex series of successively smaller tubes known as tracheoles. For a long time it was a mystery as to how some firefly species manage such a high flash rate, considering the relatively slow speed of the muscles that control oxygen transport. Researchers fairly recently learned that nitric oxide gas (the same gas that is produced by taking the d rug Viagra) plays a critical role in firefly flash control. In short, when the firefly light is ¿off," no nitric oxide is being produced. In this situation, oxygen that enters the light organ is bound to the surface of the cell's energy-producing organelles, called the Mitrochondria, and is thereby not available for transport further within the light organ. The presence of nitric oxide, which binds to the mitochondria, allows oxygen to flow into the light organ where it combines with the other chemicals needed to produce the bioluminescent reaction. Because nitric oxide breaks down very quickly, as soon as the chemical is no longer being produced, the oxygen molecules are again trapped by the mitochondria and are not available for the production of light.
Fireflies appear to light up for a variety of reasons. The larvae produce short glows and are primarily active at night, even though many species are subterranean or semi-aquatic. Fireflies produce defensive steroids in their bodies that make them unpalatable to predators. Larvae use their glows as warning displays to communicate their distastefulness. As adults, many fireflies have flash patterns unique to their species and use them to identify other members of their species as well as to discriminate between members of the opposite s e x. Several studies have shown that female fireflies choose mates depending upon specific male flash pattern characteristics. Higher male flash rates, as well as increased flash intensity, have been shown to be more attractive to females in two different firefly species.
Answer:
The system of measurement that is used through out the world is know as <u>International System of Units or, in French, Système International (SI).</u>
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Explanation:
In order to describe motion, scientists use SI units to describe the distance an object moves.
<u>In system international (SI) or metric units, motion involves the units meters and seconds. </u>
Due to the consistency of units used the information described by one individual in a country is easily understandable by someone else in a different country .
For example: if someone describe the speed of an object to be 30 meters per second, anyone using the same units can understand this. whereas , the use of units such as foot per second is understandable to only small number of countries
During Telophase 2, a nuclear envelope forms around each set of new chromosomes. In this stage, cytokinesis occurs, which is responsible for producing four daughter cells each with a haploid set of chromosomes. During the crossing-over phase some chromosomes are observed to have segments that have recombined with the original parent chromosomes.
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When the phase is over, the two cells are now finally separated and their nuclear membranes are fully formed causing the meiosis cell division to be completed.</span>
The lactase-persistence mutations are roughly as old as the oldest milk-holding vessels or pots
lactase persistence:
Lactase persistence is an example of natural selection, which can cause some humans to continue the activity of the lactase enzyme in adulthood also.
The hereditary examinations and studies propose that the established mutation related to lactase persistence began a long time back, in populaces that started domesticating and dairy cultivation during the Neolithic age when pastoralist populaces started to utilize milk for their livelihood. As found and studied that “the lactase-persistence mutations are roughly as old as the oldest milk-holding vessels.” The cultural and social activities of dairying and drinking non-human milk gave an environment wherein lactase persistence was favorable. DNA proof demonstrates that mutation in the lactase gene emerged in these populaces around a similar time.
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Answers in order from top to bottom for statements on the left side of page.
1. Activate
2. Avoid
3. Integrate
4. Target
