Electron configurations:
Ge: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 => 6 electrons in the outer shell
Br: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5 => 7 electrons in the outer shell
Kr: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6 => 8 electrons in the outer shell
The electron affinity or propension to attract electrons is given by the electronic configuration. Remember that the most stable configuration is that were the last shell is full, i.e. it has 8 electrons.
The closer an atom is to reach the 8 electrons in the outer shell the bigger the electron affinity.
Of the three elements, Br needs only 1 electron to have 8 electrons in the outer shell, so it has the biggest electron affinity (the least negative).
Ge: needs 2 electrons to have 8 electrons in the outer shell, so it has a smaller (more negative) electron affinity than Br.
Kr, which is a noble gas, has 8 electrons and is not willing to attract more electrons at all, the it has the lowest (more negative) electron affinity of all three to the extension that really the ion is so unstable that it does not make sense to talk about a number for the electron affinity of this atom.
<span>553 ohms
The Capacitive reactance of a capacitor is dependent upon the frequency. The lower the frequency, the higher the reactance, the higher the frequency, the lower the reactance. The equation is
Xc = 1/(2*pi*f*C)
where
Xc = Reactance in ohms
pi = 3.1415926535.....
f = frequency in hertz.
C = capacitance in farads.
I'm assuming that the voltage and resistor mentioned in the question are for later parts that are not mentioned in this question. Reason is that they have no effect on the reactance, but would have an effect if a question about current draw is made in a later part. With that said, let's calculate the reactance.
The 120 rad/s frequency is better known as 60 Hz.
Substitute known values into the formula.
Xc = 1/(2*pi* 60 * 0.00000480)
Xc = 1/0.001809557
Xc = 552.6213302
Rounding to 3 significant figures gives 553 ohms.</span>
Answer:
20.60 kV
Explanation:
Capacitance of parallel plates without dielectric between them is:
with d the distance between the plates, A the area of the plates and ε₀ the constant 
, so :
But the dielectric constant is defined as:
With C the effective capacitance (with the dielectric) and Co the original capacitance (without the dielectric). So, the new capacitance is:
But capacitance is related with voltage by:
with Q the charge and V the voltage, using the new capacitance and solving for V:
