The average kinetic energy and rms speed of N₂ molecules at STP is 
and 
Given,
The average kinetic energy of a molecule is given by, 
where k is the Boltzmann constant and Tis the absolute temperature of the gas.
The rms speed of 
molecules is given by
The average kinetic energy of a gas's particles is inversely related to its temperature. As the gas warms, the particles must travel more quickly since their mass is constant.
The average kinetic energy (K) is equal to one half of the mass (m) of each gas molecule times the RMS speed (vrms) squared.
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Rutherford was one of the early scientists who worked on the atomic model. Before his discovery of the nucleus, the widely accepted theory was J.J Thomson's Plum Pudding Model. In this model, all the protons, electrons and neutrons are in the nucleus. But the electrons are more in number such that the electrons act as the 'pudding' and the proton and nucleus the 'plum'. This was Rutherford's hypothesis in his gold foil experiment. In order to test the Plum Pudding model, he hypothesized that when a beam of light is aimed at the atom, it would not diffract because the charges in the nucleus are well-distributed. However, his experiment disproved Thomson's model. Some light indeed passed through but a few was diffracted back to the source. He concluded that this was because there is a dense mass inside the atom called nucleus. Thus, from there on, he proposed the model that the electrons are orbiting around the nucleus.
Answer: 17) d. 
18. c. The empirical formula of a compound can be twice the molecular formula.
Explanation:
Molecular formula is the chemical formula which depicts the actual number of atoms of each element present in the compound.
Empirical formula is the simplest chemical formula which depicts the whole number of atoms of each element present in the compound.
To calculate the molecular formula, we need to find the valency which is multiplied by each element to get the molecular formula.
The equation used to calculate the valency is:
The empirical mass can be calculated from empirical formula and molar mass must be known.
17. Thus the empirical formula of should be 
18. The molecular formula will either be same as empirical formula or is a whole number multiple of empirical formula. Thus the empirical formula of a compound can never be twice the molecular formula.
