Answer:
Pollution, non native species being introduced, and other human activities
Explanation:
Human activities affect marine ecosystems as a result of pollution, overfishing, the introduction of invasive species,and acidification, which all impact on the marine food web and may lead to largely unknown consequences for the biodiversity and survival of marine life forms.
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Atom is the smallest particle of an element
Answer:
the concentration of bicarbonate is <em>[HCO₃⁻] = 0,03996 M </em>and carbonate is <em>[CO₃²⁻] = 3,56x10⁻⁵ M.</em>
Explanation:
Carbonate-bicarbonate is:
HCO₃⁻ ⇄ CO₃²⁻ + H⁺ With pka = 10,25
Using Henderson-Hasselbalach formula:
pH = pka + log₁₀![\frac{[CO_{3}^{2-}]}{[HCO_{3}^-]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B%5BCO_%7B3%7D%5E%7B2-%7D%5D%7D%7B%5BHCO_%7B3%7D%5E-%5D%7D)
7,2 = 10,25 + log₁₀![\frac{[CO_{3}^{2-}]}{[HCO_{3}^-]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B%5BCO_%7B3%7D%5E%7B2-%7D%5D%7D%7B%5BHCO_%7B3%7D%5E-%5D%7D)
8,91x10⁻⁴ =
<em>(1)</em>
Also:
0,040 M = [CO₃²⁻] + [HCO₃⁻] <em>(2)</em>
Replacing (2) in 1:
<em>[HCO₃⁻] = 0,03996 M</em>
Thus:
<em>[CO₃²⁻] = 3,56x10⁻⁵ M</em>
I hope it helps.