Atomic mass is the mass of a chemical element expressed in atomic mass units. Molar mass the mass of a given substance divided by its amount of substance in (mol) .
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Answer:
yes the one that is circled is correct
Explanation:
Answer:
The water in the hydrate (referred to as "water of hydration") can be removed by heating the hydrate. When all hydrating water is removed, the material is said to be anhydrous and is referred to as an anhydrate.
Explanation:
Answer:
a. 1.7 × 10⁻⁴ mol·L⁻¹; b. 5.5 × 10⁻⁹ mol·L⁻¹
c. 2.3 × 10⁻⁴ mol·L⁻¹; 5.5 × 10⁻⁸ mol·L⁻¹
Explanation:
a. Silver iodate
Let s = the molar solubility.
AgIO₃(s) ⇌ Ag⁺(aq) + IO₃⁻(aq); Ksp = 3.0 × 10⁻⁸
E/mol·L⁻¹: s s
![K_{sp} =\text{[Ag$^{+}$][IO$_{3}$$^{-}$]} = s\times s = s^{2} = 3.0\times 10^{-8}\\s = \sqrt{3.0\times 10^{-8}} \text{ mol/L} = 1.7 \times 10^{-4} \text{ mol/L}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_%7Bsp%7D%20%3D%5Ctext%7B%5BAg%24%5E%7B%2B%7D%24%5D%5BIO%24_%7B3%7D%24%24%5E%7B-%7D%24%5D%7D%20%3D%20s%5Ctimes%20s%20%3D%20%20s%5E%7B2%7D%20%3D%203.0%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-8%7D%5C%5Cs%20%3D%20%5Csqrt%7B3.0%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-8%7D%7D%20%5Ctext%7B%20mol%2FL%7D%20%3D%201.7%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-4%7D%20%5Ctext%7B%20mol%2FL%7D)
b. Barium sulfate
BaSO₄(s) ⇌ Ba²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq); Ksp = 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰
I/mol·L⁻¹: 0.02 0
C/mol·L⁻¹: +s +s
E/mol·L⁻¹: 0.02 + s s
![K_{sp} =\text{[Ba$^{2+}$][SO$_{4}$$^{2-}$]} = (0.02 + s) \times s \approx 0.02s = 1.1\times 10^{-10}\\s = \dfrac{1.1\times 10^{-10}}{0.02} \text{ mol/L} = 5.5 \times 10^{-9} \text{ mol/L}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_%7Bsp%7D%20%3D%5Ctext%7B%5BBa%24%5E%7B2%2B%7D%24%5D%5BSO%24_%7B4%7D%24%24%5E%7B2-%7D%24%5D%7D%20%3D%20%280.02%20%2B%20s%29%20%5Ctimes%20s%20%5Capprox%20%200.02s%20%3D%201.1%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-10%7D%5C%5Cs%20%3D%20%5Cdfrac%7B1.1%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-10%7D%7D%7B0.02%7D%20%5Ctext%7B%20mol%2FL%7D%20%3D%205.5%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-9%7D%20%5Ctext%7B%20mol%2FL%7D)
c. Using ionic strength and activities
(i) Calculate the ionic strength of 0.02 mol·L⁻¹ Ba(NO₃)₂
The formula for ionic strength is
![\mu = \dfrac{1}{2} \sum_{i} {c_{i}z_{i}^{2}}\\\\\mu = \dfrac{1}{2} (\text{[Ba$^{2+}$]}\cdot (2+)^{2} + \text{[NO$_{3}$$^{-}$]}\times(-1)^{2}) = \dfrac{1}{2} (\text{0.02}\times 4 + \text{0.04}\times1)= \dfrac{1}{2} (0.08 + 0.04)\\\\= \dfrac{1}{2} \times0.12 = 0.06](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cmu%20%3D%20%5Cdfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Csum_%7Bi%7D%20%7Bc_%7Bi%7Dz_%7Bi%7D%5E%7B2%7D%7D%5C%5C%5C%5C%5Cmu%20%3D%20%5Cdfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%28%5Ctext%7B%5BBa%24%5E%7B2%2B%7D%24%5D%7D%5Ccdot%20%282%2B%29%5E%7B2%7D%20%2B%20%5Ctext%7B%5BNO%24_%7B3%7D%24%24%5E%7B-%7D%24%5D%7D%5Ctimes%28-1%29%5E%7B2%7D%29%20%3D%20%5Cdfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%28%5Ctext%7B0.02%7D%5Ctimes%204%20%2B%20%5Ctext%7B0.04%7D%5Ctimes1%29%3D%20%5Cdfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%280.08%20%2B%200.04%29%5C%5C%5C%5C%3D%20%5Cdfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Ctimes0.12%20%3D%200.06)
(ii) Silver iodate
a. Calculate the activity coefficients of the ions

b. Calculate the solubility
AgIO₃(s) ⇌ Ag⁺(aq) + IO₃⁻(aq)
![K_{sp} =\text{[Ag$^{+}$]$\gamma_{Ag^{+}}$[IO$_{3}$$^{-}$]$\gamma_{IO_{3}^{-}}$} = s\times0.75\times s \times 0.75 =0.56s^{2}= 3.0 \times 10^{-8}\\s^{2} = \dfrac{3.0 \times 10^{-8}}{0.56} = 5.3 \times 10^{-8}\\\\s =2.3 \times 10^{-4}\text{ mol/L}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_%7Bsp%7D%20%3D%5Ctext%7B%5BAg%24%5E%7B%2B%7D%24%5D%24%5Cgamma_%7BAg%5E%7B%2B%7D%7D%24%5BIO%24_%7B3%7D%24%24%5E%7B-%7D%24%5D%24%5Cgamma_%7BIO_%7B3%7D%5E%7B-%7D%7D%24%7D%20%3D%20s%5Ctimes0.75%5Ctimes%20s%20%5Ctimes%200.75%20%3D0.56s%5E%7B2%7D%3D%203.0%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-8%7D%5C%5Cs%5E%7B2%7D%20%3D%20%5Cdfrac%7B3.0%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-8%7D%7D%7B0.56%7D%20%3D%205.3%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-8%7D%5C%5C%5C%5Cs%20%3D2.3%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-4%7D%5Ctext%7B%20mol%2FL%7D)
(iii) Barium sulfate
a. Calculate the activity coefficients of the ions

b. Calculate the solubility
BaSO₄(s) ⇌ Ba²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq
![K_{sp} =\text{[Ba$^{2+}$]$\gamma_{ Ba^{2+}}$[SO$_{4}$$^{2-}$]$\gamma_{ SO_{4}^{2-}}$} = (0.02 + s) \times 0.32\times s\times 0.32 \approx 0.02\times0.10s\\2.0\times 10^{-3}s = 1.1 \times 10^{-10}\\s = \dfrac{1.1\times 10^{-10}}{2.0 \times 10^{-3}} \text{ mol/L} = 5.5 \times 10^{-8} \text{ mol/L}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_%7Bsp%7D%20%3D%5Ctext%7B%5BBa%24%5E%7B2%2B%7D%24%5D%24%5Cgamma_%7B%20Ba%5E%7B2%2B%7D%7D%24%5BSO%24_%7B4%7D%24%24%5E%7B2-%7D%24%5D%24%5Cgamma_%7B%20SO_%7B4%7D%5E%7B2-%7D%7D%24%7D%20%3D%20%280.02%20%2B%20s%29%20%5Ctimes%200.32%5Ctimes%20s%5Ctimes%200.32%20%5Capprox%20%200.02%5Ctimes0.10s%5C%5C2.0%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-3%7Ds%20%3D%201.1%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-10%7D%5C%5Cs%20%3D%20%5Cdfrac%7B1.1%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-10%7D%7D%7B2.0%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-3%7D%7D%20%5Ctext%7B%20mol%2FL%7D%20%3D%205.5%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-8%7D%20%5Ctext%7B%20mol%2FL%7D)