Answer:Acid catalyst is needed to increase the electrophilicity of Carbonyl group of Carboxylic acid as alcohol is a weak nucleophile.
Alternatively esters can be synthesised by converting carboxylic acid into acyl chloride using thionyl chloride(SOCl_{2} and then further treating acyl chloride with alcohol.
Carboxylic acid and esters can be easily distinguished on the basis of IR as carboxylic acid would contain a broad intense peak in 2500-3200cm_{-1} corresponding to OH stretching frequency whereas esters would not contain any such broad intense peak.
Alcohol and esters can also be distinguished using IR as alcohols would contain a broad intense peak at around 3200-3600cm_{-1}
Explanation: For the synthesis of esters using alcohol and carboxylic acid we need to add a little amount of acid in the reaction . The acid used here increases the electrophilicity of carbonyl carbon and hence makes it easier for a weaker nucleophile like alcohol to attack the carbonyl carbon of acid.
The oxygen of the carbonyl group is protonated using the acidic proton which leads to the generation of positive charge on the oxygen. The positive charge generated is delocalised over the whole acid molecule and hence the electrophilicity of carbonyl group is increased. Kindly refer attachment for the structures.
If we simply mix the acid and alcohol then no appreciable reaction would take place between them and ester formation would not take place because the carboxylic acid in that case is not a good electrophile whereas alcohol is also not a very strong nucleophile which can attack the carbonyl group.
Alternatively we can use thionyl chloride or any other reagent which can convert the carboxylic acid into acyl chloride. Acyl chloride is very elctrophilic and alcohol can very easily attack the acyl chloride and esters could be synthesized.
The carboxylic acid and ester can very easily be distinguished on the basis of broad intense OH stretching frequency peak at around 2500-3200cm_{-1} . The broad intense OH stretching frequency peak is present in carboxylic acids as they contain OH groups and absent in case of esters .
Likewise esters and alcohols can also be distinguished on the basis IR spectra as alcohols will have broad intense spectra at around 3200-3600cm_{-1}corresponding to OH stretching frequency whereas esters will not have any such peak. Rather esters would be having a Carbonyl stretching frequency at around 1720-1760
Answer:
(before researching)it weighs a positive infinity ∞
Explanation:
(after researching)Our galaxy weighs in at around 10^42 kilograms and the entire visible universe reaches something like 10^53. You can try to convert those figures to something a little more familiar, such as the weight of a blue whale, by subtracting 5 from any of those exponents.
hope this helps have a great day also brainly would be very much appreciated
and here's a meme
A magnet creates an invisible area of magnetism all around it called a magnetic field. The north pole of a magnet points roughly toward Earth's north pole and vice-versa. That's because Earth itself contains magnetic materials and behaves like a gigantic magnet
One
Balance the Equation.
This has been done for you or it is given. Anyway this step is finished, but it must always be done.
Two
Find the molar mass of C6H12O6
6C = 6 * 12 = 72
12H = 12*1 = 12
CO = 6 * 16 = 96
Mol Mass = 180 grams / mol
Three
Find the mols of C6H12O6
n = ???
Molar Mass = 180 grams / mol
given mass = 13.2 grams.
n = given mass / molar mass
n = 13.2 / 180
n = 0.07333333 mols.
Four
Find the mols CO2
1 mol C6H12O6 will produce 6 mols CO2
0.0733333 mols will produce x
1/0.073333 = 6/x Cross multiply
x = 0.073333 * 6
x = 0.4399 moles.
Five
Find the volume given the conditions for temperature and pressure are STP conditions.
PV = nRT
R = 0.082057
n = 0.43999
P = 1 atmosphere
T = 0 + 273 = 273
V = ???
1 * V = 0.43999 * 082057 * 273
V = 10.2 L
Answer: B
Note if you give out Brainly awards I'd sure appreciate one. This was a lot of typing